![[Image]: Column Divider](../images/templatecomponents/clearpixel.gif){kind=tracking}
![[Image]: Eden Again Logo](../images/edenLogos/eden-imagesm.gif)
Eden Again
Restoration of the Mesopotamian Marshlands
![[Image]: Column Divider](../images/templatecomponents/lightbar2.gif){kind=small}
![[Image]:Navigation Button - links to Homepage](../images/home.gif){kind=small}
![[Image]:Navigation Button - links to About Us page.](../images/about.gif){kind=small}
![[Image]:Navigation Button - links to Marshland Information page.](../images/marshland.gif){kind=small}
![[Image]:Navigation Button - links to Related links.](../images/links.gif){kind=small}
![[Image]:Navigation Button - links to information on how you can participate in the project.](../images/involved.gif){kind=small}
![[Image]:Navigation Button - links to page containing contact information.](../images/contact.gif){kind=small}
![[Image]: Column Divider](../images/templatecomponents/lightbargrain2.gif){kind=small}
![[Image]: Column Divider](../images/templatecomponents/darkbar.gif){kind=small}
A Project
of
the Iraq Foundation
![[Image]: Iraq Foundation Logo](../images/ifLogos/foundationlogosm.jpg)
![[Image]: Column Divider](../images/templatecomponents/darkbarnarrow.gif){kind=small}
![[Photo]: Marshlands in their original condition.](../images/marshlandssm.gif)
Bibliography - Plants Photo Gallery | Satellite
Images & Maps | Reports |
Bibliography 1. Index Kewensis. 2. Index Londinensis. 3. Zoographic composition. J. Oman Stud. p. 187-216. 4. 1875. Wild flowers of the Holy Land. 2 ed. London. 5. 1888. Narrative of a scientific expedition in the Transjordanic region in the Spring of 1886. Pal. Explor.: p. 175-237. 6. 1889. The Botanical geography of Syria and Palestine. Victoria Inst.Jour. Trans., XXII: p. 253-311. 7. 1896. Flora of Syria, Palestine, and Sinai, from the Taurus to Ras Muhammad and from the Mediterranean Sea to the Syrian Desert. 8. 1910. Forest Resources. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Forest Service. p. 7. 9. 1910. Forests, extent and percent of land area. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Forest Service. 10. 1913. Resemblance to Imperial Valley, Calif. in climate and topography. Bureau of Plant Industry. p. 40-41.
11. 1917. Fruits, production, exports and imports. U.S. Department of Agriculture. p. 483. 12. 1919. Mesopotamia: Gums, lime and bituminous resources. Board of Trade Journal, 103. 13. 1920. Handbook of Mesopotamia. ed. B.F.O.H. Section. London: Pub. Brit. Fr. Ofc. Hist. Sect. 14. 1920. Handbook of Syria and Palestine. Brit. For. Off. Hist. SAed.: London. 15. 1921. Iraq. Dept. of Agriculture. 16. 1923. Grain serghums, production yearbook 1922. U.S. Department of Agriculture. p. 525. 17. 1927. Arabia Deserts, a topographical itinerary. New York. 18. 1928. Northern Negd, a topographical itinerary. New York. 19. 1928. Palmyrena. London. 20. 1930. Wheats of Iraq production and milling and baking qualities. Technical Bulletin, 197(1940196).
21. 1933. Some alpine plants of Persia. Bull. Alpine Gard. Soc. Gt. Brit., 2: p. 1-4. 22. 1938. The Citrus Industry of Palestine. U.S. Dept. of Agri., Bureau of Agri Economics. 23. 1938. Root conditions of certain plans in the wilderness of Judea. Linn. Soc. Jour. Bot., 51: p. 283. 24. 1944. Conference on Middle East Agricultural Development. Middle East Supply Center: Cairo. p. 220. 25. 1948. Agricultural Geography of Europe and the Near East. U.S. Dept.. of Agriculture. Office of Foreign Agriculture Relations.: Washington, D. C. 26. 1994. A Citizen's Guide to Wetland Restoration: Approaches to Restoring Vegetation Communities and Wildlife Habitat Structure in Freshwater Wetland Systems. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 10. 27. 2003. 1988 national list of plants that occur in wetlands. ed. U.S.A.C.o. Engineers. 28. Aaronsohn, A. 1910. Explorations, agricultural and botanical. Bureau of Plant Industry. p. 64. 29. Abdel-Barry, J.A., et al. 2000. Hypoglycaemic effect of aqueous extract of the leaves of Trigonella foenum-graecum in healthy volunteers. East Mediterr Health J, 6(1): p. 83-8. 30. Abdul-Fatih. 1975. The vegetation of saline swampy areas of Bahr-al-Najaf, Iraq. in Bull. Coll Sci. University of Baghdad: Baghdad. p. 17: 49-52.
31. Abe, K., Y. Ozaki, and N. Kihou. 1997. Introduction of fiber plants to plant bed filter systems for waste water treatment in relation to source recycling. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 43(1): p. 35-43. 32. Able, K.W. and S.M. Hagan. 2000. Effects of common reed (Phragmites australis) invasion of marsh surface macrofauna: Response of fishes and decapod crustaceans. Estuaries, 23(5): p. 633-646. 33. Adams, J.B. and G.C. Bate. 1976. Growth and photosynthetic performance of Phragmites australis in estuarine waters: a field and experimental evaluation. Aquatic Botany, 64(3-4): p. 359-367. 34. Agnew, A.D.Q. 1961. The family Lythracceae in Iraq. Bull. Coll. of Sc., 1. 35. Agnew, A.D.Q. 1961. The genus Picris in Iraq. Bull. Coll. of Sc., 6. 36. Agnew, A.D.Q. 1962. Flora of the Baghdad District. Part I: Monocotyledons. Bulletin of The College of Science, 6. 37. Agriculture, I.D.o. 1920. Agricultural leaflet. 38. Agriculture, U.S.D.o. 1916. Persian walnuts, production and value. Farmer's Bulletin, 700: p. 1. 39. Agriculture, U.S.D.o. 1917. Fruits, production and exports, 1909-1913. Department Bulletin, 483: p. 38. 40. Agriculture, U.S.D.o. 1938. Land utilization. 284.
41. Agriculture, U.S.D.o. 1938. Land Utilization bibliography. p. 1085-1087. 42. Ailstock, M.S., C.M. Norman, and P.J. Bushmann. 2001. Common reed Phragmites australis: Control and effects upon biodiversity in freshwater nontidal wetlands. Restoration Ecology, (91): p. 49-59. 43. Aitchison, J.E.T. 1879. The Botany of the Kuram and Hariab districts. Pharm. Journ., 3(10): p. 482-485. 44. Aitchison, J.E.T. 1887. Some plants of Afghanistan. Pharm. Journ., 3: p. 465-468. 45. Aitchison, J.E.T. 1889. On the flora of the Kuran valley. Afghanistan Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot., 18: p. 1-113. 46. Aitchison, J.E.T. 1891. Notes to assist in a further knowledge of the products of western Afghanistan and of north-eastern Persia. Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinb., 18: p. 1-228. 47. Akbar, A.R. 198? The Plants of the Marshes. Basrah, Iraq: University of Basrah Press. 48. Al-douri, N.A. 2000. A survey of medicinal plants and their traditional uses in Iraq. Pharmaceutical Biology, 38(1): p. 74-79. 49. Aledany, T.Y. and A.H.A. Almousawi. 1986. Regional Variation in the Chemical-Composition of Soil and Dominant Aquatic Plants in Shatt-Al-Arab, Iraq. Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 15(1): p. 87-94. 50. Al-Gifri, A.N. 1991. Salt tolerance plants in Aden (Yemen). Frgm. Flor. Geobot., 36(2): p. 289-292.
51. Al-Gifri, A.N. 1992. Flora of Aden. Katowice, Poland. 52. Al-Hilli, M.R. 1977. Studies on the plant ecology of the Ahwar regions in southern Iraq. Estuaries, Costal and Shelf Science, 31: p. 411-421. 53. Al-Hubaishi, A., A.S. Dubaie, and M.O. El-Monayeri. 1990. Habitats and Vegetation of wadi Dahr, Sanaa, Yemen Republic. I. The Plateau and Slopes Ecosystems. Bull. Fac. Sci. Assiut Univ., 20: p. 1-24. 54. Al-Hubaishi, A. and K.M. Hohenstein. 1994. An Introduction of the Vegetation of Yemen. Ecological Basis, Floristic Composition and Human Influence. Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH. 206. 55. Ali, M., et al. 2001. Cycling of metals in desert soils: effects of Tamarix nilotica and inundation by lake water. Environmental Geochemestry and Health, 23(4): p. 373-382. 56. Ali, N.A., M.P. Bernal, and M. Ater. 2002. Tolerance and bioaccumulation of copper in Phragmites australis and Zea mays. Plant and Soil, 239(1): p. 103-111. 57. Al-Rawi, A. 1964. Medicinal plants of Iraq. Ministry of Agriculture, Directorate General of Agriculture Research and Projects: Baghdad: Government Press. 58. Al-Rawi, A. 1964. Wild plants of Iraq with their distribution. Baghdad: Government Press. 59. Al-Rawi, A. 1988. Wild plants of Iraq with their distribution. 3rd ed. Baghdad, Iraq: Ministry of Agriculture & Agriculture and Irrigation. 60. Alsaadi, H.A. and A.H. Almousawi. 1988. Some Notes on the Ecology of Aquatic Plants in the Al-Hammar Marsh, Iraq. Vegetatio, 75(3): p. 131-133.
61. Alsaadi, H.A. and A.H.A. Almousawi. 1984. On the Chemical-Composition of Aquatic Plants in Shatt Al-Arab near Basrah, Iraq. Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 13(2): p. 137-146. 62. Al-Saadi, H.A.A.-M., A. A. 1983. Aquatic plants of Iraq. in Centre of Arab Gulf Studies Publications. University of Basrah: Basrah, Iraq. 63. Al-Saimary, I.E., et al. 2002. Effects of some plant extracts and antibiotics on Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from various burn cases. Saudi Medical Journal, 23(7): p. 802-805. 64. al-Samawi, A.A. 2000. The use of reed plants for wastewater treatment: the Iraq experience. Schriftenr Ver Wasser Boden Lufthyg, 105: p. 311-7. 65. Amsberry, L., et al. 2000. Clonal integration and the expansion of Phragmites australis. Ecological Applications, 10(4): p. 1110-1118. 66. Anderson, G.C. 1897. The road system of eastern Asia-Minor. Jour. of Hell. Studies: p. 22. 67. Andres, A.A.D.Q.a.D.Q. 1962. Flora of Baghdad District Part 1: Monocotyledons, with a general account of the vegetation of the area. Baghdad, Iraq: University of Baghdad, College of Science. 68. Angradi, T.S., S.M. Hagan, and K.W. Able. 2001. Vegetation type and the intertidal microinvertebrate fauna of a brackish marsh" Phragmites vsSpartina. Wetlands, 21(1): p. 75-92. 69. Annandale, N. 1919. Notes on the vegetation of Seisan. Journ. & Proc. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 15: p. 267-297. 70. Ansede, J.H., P.J. Pellechia, and D.C. Yoch. 1999. Selenium biotransformation by the sale marsh cordgrass Spartina alterniflora: Evidence for dimethylselenoniopropionate formulation. Environmental Science & Technology, 33(12): p. 2064-2069.
71. Anthony, J. 1932. Plants from Mesopotamia. Journ. Ind. Bot. Soc., XVII. 72. Anthony, J. 1935. Plants from Mesopotamia. A distributional note. R. Bot. Gard. Edinb., 18: p. 277-303. 73. Anthony, P.A. 1999. The macrofungi and decay of roofs thatched under water reed, Phragmites australis. Mycological Research, 103: p. 1246-1253. 74. Armstrong, J. and W. Armstrong. 1996. Phragmites die-back: toxic effects of propionic butyric and caproic acids in relation to pH. New Phytologist, 134(4): p. 601-614. 75. Armstrong, J. and W. Armstrong. 2001. An overview of the effects on phytotoxins on Phragmites australis in relation to die-back. Aquatic Botany, 69(2-4): p. 251=268. 76. Armstrong, J.e.a. 1996. A role for phytotoxins in the Phragmites die-back syndrome? Folia Geobotanica & Phytotaxonomica, 31(1): p. 127. 77. Armstrong, J.e.a. 1999. Phragmites australis: effect of shoot submergence on seedling growth and survival and radial oxygen loss from roots. Aquatic Botany, 64(3-4): p. 275-289. 78. Arnsworth. 1842. Travels and researches in Asia Minor, Mesopotamia. Vol. 2. Chaldaea and Armenia. 79. Ashbel, D. 1937. Evaporation in Palestine. Palestine Journal of Botany and Horticultural Science, 1(3): p. 8-26. 80. Ashbel, D. 1938. Rainfall Tables for Palestine an Adjacent countries. Jersulem: Meterological Institute. Hebrew University.
81. Ashbel, D. 1940. Meterological Data for Palesatine. Jerusalem: Hebrew University. 82. Ashbel, D. 1941. Rainfall Map. Palestine, Transjordan, Southern Syria, Southern Lebanon Average for the Period 1859-1938. 3rd ed. Jersulem: Hebrew Univ. Press. 83. Ashbel, D. 1944. The Climate of Palestine and Adjacent Countries. Jerusalem: Hebrew University. 84. Assoc., E.a.W. 1942. What to read about Iran, Iraq and Afghanistan. 85. Atkinson, J.D. 1948. Some irrigation problems in Iraq. 86. Aucher-Eloy, P.M.R. 1843. Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 a 1838. Vol. 2. Paris. 87. Ayyad, M.A. and R. El-Ghareeb. 1982. Salt marsh vegetation of the western Mediterranean desert of Egypt. Vegetatio, 49: p. 3-19. 88. Babikir, A.A.A.H.K. 1992. Vegetational Patterns Within a Costal Saline of NE-Qatar. Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research, 10(2): p. 61-75. 89. Bachand, P.A.M. 1996. Effects of managing vegetative species, hydraulic residence time, wetland age and water depth on removing nitrate from nitrified wastewater in constructed wetland macrocosms in the Padro Basin, Riverside County, California. in Univ. Microfilms. University of California, Berkeley: Ann Arbor, Mich. 90. Bacon, L.B., et al. 1948. Agriculture geography of Europe and the Near East. Washington: U.S.G.P.O.
91. Bagshaw, C. Memorandum on the forests of the Kuram assigned district. Ind. For., VI: p. 28-44. 92. Baker, J.G., et al. 1894. Botany of the Hadramaut expeditions. Kew. Bull. Misc. Inform.: p. 328-343. 93. Balls, E.K. 1932. Plant hunting in Persia. Gard. Illus., 54: p. 774-776. 94. Balls, E.K. 1934. Plant collecting in Persia. Gard. Chron. III, 95: p. 8-9, 44-45, 78-79, 112-113, 146-147, 388-390, 422-423. 95. Batanouny, K.G. 1979. Vegetation along the Heddah-Mecca road: pattern and process as affected by human impact. J. of Arid Environ, 2: p. 21-30. 96. Batanouny, K.G. 1981. Ecology and Flora of Qatar. Centre for Si. and Applied Res. Univ. of Qatar, Alden press, Ltd.: Oxford. p. 239. 97. Beke, C. 1778. Discoveries of Sinai in Arabia and of Midian. London. 98. Bell, G., L. 1907. Syria: the desert and the sown. N. Y. 347. 99. Bernstein, L. 1964. Salt Tolerance of Plants. GPO: Washington, D. C. 100. Bhat, N.R., F.K. Taha, and A.Y. Al-Nasser. 2001. Vegetation of Kuwait.
101. Blake, G.S. and M.J. Goldschmidt. 1947. Geology and water resources of Palestine. Jerusalem. 102. Blakelock, R.A. 1939. On the flora of the Nearer East. XX. Bull. Misc. Inform. Roy. Bott. Gar. Kew, 4: p. 186-188. 103. Blakelock, R.A. 1948. The Rustam Herbarium, Iraq. Kew Bull., 1(3). 104. Blakelock, R.A. 1949. The Rustam Herb. Kew Bull., II(1). 105. Blakelock, R.A. 1949. The Rustam Herb. Kew Bull., III(4). 106. Blakelock, R.A. 1950. The Rustam Herb. Kew Bull., III(4). 107. Blakelock, R.A. 1953. Notes on the Flora of Iraq. Kew. Bull., 3. 108. Blakelock, R.A. 1953. The Rustam Herb. Kew Bull., V(2). 109. Blakelock, R.A. 1954. Notes on the Flora of Iraq. Kew. Bull., 1(3). 110. Blakelock, R.A. 1955. Notes on the Flora of Iraq. Kew Bull., II(4). 111. Blakelock, R.A. 1955. Notes on the Flora of Iraq. Kew. Bull., III(2). 112. Blakelock, R.A. 1957. Notes on the Flora of Iraq. Kew. Bull., IV(3). 113. Blanckenhorn, M. 1914. Syrien, Arabien and Mesopotamien. Handb. der regional. Geologie, 4. 114. Blatter, E. 1914-1916. Flora of Eden. Rec. Bot. Surv. India, 7(1-3): p. 418. 115. Blatter, E. 1918. Contributions towards a flora of Persian Baluchistan and Makran. Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 25: p. 723-739. 116. Blatter, E. 1932. Plants from Besra in MEsopotamia. Journ. Indian Bot. Soc., 11(28-47). 117. Blatter, E. 1936. Flora Arabia. India: Calcutta, Super. Gov. Printing. 118. Bodenheimer, F.S. 1944. Studies on the Ecology and Control of the Moroccan Locust (Dociostaurus maroccanus) in Iraq. I. Govt. Iraq. Vol. 29. Baghdad: Min. of Econ. Bull. 119. Bodenheimer, F.S.Z. 1938. On the presence of an Irano-Turanian relict in Northern Africa. La vie dans le region Desertique North-Tropical de l'Ancien Monde. 120. Boissier, E. 1967-1888. Flora Orientalis.
121. Bonaria, E. 1894. Flora of the Assyrian monuments and its outcomes. Westminster. 215. 122. Bor, N.L. 1960. Grasses of Burma. Ceylon and Pakistan. 123. Boulos, L. 1988. A contribution to the flora of Southern Yemen (PDRY). Botaniques de Geneve, 43(2): p. 548-585. 124. Boyko, H. 1947. The decisive role of direct sun-radiation of Querous Argilops L. Palestine Journ. Bot. Rehovet Series, VI: p. 1-13. 125. Briggs, M.K., B.A. Roundy, and W.W. Shaw. 1994. Trial and Error: Assessing the Effectiveness of Riparian Vegetation in Arizona. Restoration and Management Notes, 12: p. 160-167. 126. British Army, D.o.M.S. Topographic maps of Iraq and Iran. 127. Bromfield, W.A. 1856. Letters from Egypt and Syria. London. 128. Brotherson, J.D. and D. Field. 1987. Tamarix: Impacts of a successful weed. Rangelands, 9: p. 110-112. 129. Brotherson, J.D. and V. Windel. 1986. Habitat relationships of salt cedar (Tamarix ramsissima) in central Utah. Great Basin Nat., 46: p. 535-541. 130. Browne, E.G. 1927. A year amongst the Persians. New York, Cambridge, Eng. 650.
131. Burkill, I.H. 1909. A working list of the flowering plants of Baluchistan. Calcutta. 132. Burton, S.R.F. 1872. Unexplored Syria. 133. Burtt, B.L. and P. Lewis. 1949. On the flora of Kaweit. I. Kew. Royal Botanic Gardens. Bulletin, 3: p. 273-308. 134. Byron, R. 1905. The road to Oxiana. Vol. IX. London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd. 341. 135. Caffrey, J.M. 1993. Aquatic plant management in relation to Irish recreational fisheries development. Plant Management, 31: p. 162-168. 136. Catling, P.M. and V.R. Brownell. 1995. A Review of the Alvars of the Great-Lakes Region - Distribution, Floristic Composition, Biogeography and Protection. Canadian Field-Naturalist, 109(2): p. 143-171. 137. Chakravarty, H.L. 1960. Report on Tour-impression of a Botanist in the northern Iraq. MSS. 138. Chalabi, Z. 1961. The Genus Plantago in Iraq. Nat. Hist. Mus., 1. 139. Chapman, V.J. 1975. The Salinity Problem in General, Its Importance, and Distribution with Special Reference to Natural Halophytes. In Plants in Saline Environments, A.P.-M.a.J. Gale, Editor. Springer-Verlag: New York. p. 7-24. 140. Chardin, S.J. 1927. Sir Chardin's Travels in Persia. London: The Argonaut Press.
141. Cheesman, R.E. 1926. The unknown Arabia. London. 142. Clapp, F.G. 1940. Geology of eastern Iran. New York: The Geological Soc. of America. 143. Clarke. 1823. List of all the plants collected in Egypt and the Holy Land. 144. Clevering, O.A. 1999. Between- and within-population differences in Phragmites australis. Oecologia, 121: p. 447-457. 145. Colvill, W.H. 1875. Some observations of the vegetable production and the rural economy of the province of Baghdad. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot., 14: p. 399-410. 146. Conder, C.R. The survey of eastern Palestine. Memoirs of the topography. 304. 147. Coopert, T.Y. 1900. The re-afforesting of Palestine. Engl. Arb. Soc. Trans., IV: p. 113-118. 148. Cowan, J.M. 1930. A botanical expedition to Persia. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew, 1930: p. 49-68. 149. Cowan, J.M. 1930. The fortunes of a botanist on the Persian frontier. New Flora & Silva, 3: p. 219-227. 150. Cowan, J.M. 1932. Persia and its desert gardens. in Scott. Geogr. Mag. p. 193-196.
151. Cowie, N.R., et al. 1992. The Effects of Conservation Management of Reed Beds, II. The Flora and Litter Disappearance. Journal of Applied Ecology, 29: p. 277-284. 152. Dana, L.P. 1923. Arab-Asia: A Geography of Syria, Palestine, Irak and Arabia. Beriut. 153. Danin, A. 1983. Vegetation of Israel and Sinai. Cana Publishing House. 148. 154. Davis, P. 1944. Through the Antilebanon. Roy. Hort. Soc. Jour., 69: p. 7-13. 155. Dawe, N.K., et al. 2000. Marsh creation in a northern Pacific estuary: Is thirteen years of monitoring vegetation dynamics enough? Conservation Ecology, 4(2): p. art. no.-12. 156. Dawson, V.H.W. 1921. Dates and date cultivation of the Iraq. Part I. The Cultivation of the date palm on the Shat Al'Arab. Dept. of Agri.: Mesopotamia. p. 75. 157. Deflers, A. 1986. Plant de l'Arabie Meridionale recueillies pendaut les anees 1889, 1890, 1893 et 1894. Bull. Soc. Bot. de France, 43(321-332). 158. Di Tomaso, J.M. 1998. Impact, Biology, and Ecology of Saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) in the Southwestern United States. Weed Technology, 12: p. 326-336. 159. Dickinson, K.J.M. and A.F. Mark. 1999. Interpreting ecological patterns in an intact estuary, South-west New Zealand World Heritage Area. Journal of Biogeography, 26(4): p. 913-932. 160. Dickson, V.P. 1938. Plants of Kuwait, northeast Arabia. Bombay Natural History Society Journal, 40: p. 528-538.
161. Don, D. 1848. A list of plants collected by the author (C. Fellows) during his tour between the months of February and June, 1840. In An account of discoveries in Lycia, C. Fellows, Editor: London. 162. Doughty, C. 1886. Travels in Northern Arabia. Cambridge. 163. Doughty, C. 1888. Travels in Arabian Deserta. Cambridge. 164. Doughty, C.M. 1937. Travels in Arabia Deserta. New York. 165. DSI. 1991. Dams and Hydroelectric Power Plants in Turkey. Ankara. 166. Duthie, J.F. 1898. A list of the plants collected on the Pamirs. In Report on the natural history results of the Pamir boundary commission, A.W. Alcock, Editor. 167. Edgeworth, N.P. 1847. A couple of hours' herborizaton at Aen. Soc. Bengal Journ., XVI(2): p. 1211-1220. 168. Education, M.o. 1942. Geography. Tehran: Iran Printing House. 169. Eig, A. 1926. A contribution to the knowledge of the Flora of Palestine. Inst. agric. and nat. hist. Hebrew Univer.: Tel Aviv. p. 72. 170. Eig, A. 1932. Ecological and phytogeograph observations on Palestini plants. Beih. bot. Chlt., 50: p. 470-496.
171. Eig, A. 1937. Neglected Syrian plants of Banks and Solander. Journ. Bot., 75: p. 185-192. 172. Eig, A. 1939. On the phytogeographical subdivision of Palestine. Palestine Journ. Bot. Jerusalem Ser., 1: p. 4-12. 173. Eig, A. 1946. Synopsis of the phytosociological units of Palestin. Pal. Journ. Bot. J. Ser., 3: p. 183-246. 174. Eig, A. and M. Zohary. 1931. The plants of Palestine and analytical Key. Jerusalem: The Hebrew University. 428. 175. El-Demerdash, M.A. 1984. Ecological Studies on Juncus Plants. in Fac. of Sci. Mansoura Univ.: Egypt. p. 156. 176. El-Demerdash, M.A., A.K. Hegazy, and A.M. Zilay. 1994. Distribution of the plant communities in Tihamah costal plains of Jazan region, Saudi Arabia. Vegetatio, 112: p. 141-151. 177. El-Demerdash, M.A. and A.M. Zilay. 1993. An Introduction of habitats and plant communities in Tihamah costal plains of Jazan area, Saudi Arabia. Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research. 178. Evenari, M. 1938. The Physiological anatomy of the transpiratory organs and the conducting systems of certain plants typical of the wilderness of Judaea. Linn. Soc. Jour. Bot., II: p. 389. 179. Felker, P., et al. 1981. Salinity tolerance of the Tree Legumes: Mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa var. torreyana, P. velutina and P. articulata), Algarrobo (P. chilensis), Kiawe (P. pallida), and Tamarugo (P. tamarugo) Grown in Sand Culture on Nitrogen-Free Media. Plant and Soil, 61: p. 311-317. 180. Field, H. 1932d. Ancient wheat and barley from Kish, Mesopotamia. AA, 34: p. 303-309.
181. Firdecher, J. 1939. A Contribution to the geography and cartography of Northwest Yemen. Cairo. 160. 182. Fish, W.B. 1944. The Lebanon. Geog. Review, 34: p. 235-258. 183. Fisher, W.B. 1950. The Middle East; a physical, social and regional geography. London. 184. Forests., D.o.A.a. 1924. Palestine. A. R. Dep. Agric. Forests Palestine: Jerusalem. 185. Forskahl, P. 1775. Flora of Aegyptiaco-Arabiea. Haunia. 186. Fullerton, A. 1938. Plant hunting in Iran. Country Life, I-II(84): p. 454-455, 480-481. 187. Gabali, A.S. and A.N. Al-Gifri. 1990. Flora of South Yemen-Angiosperms. A Provisional Checklist. Reddes Reportorium, 101(7-8): p. 373-383. 188. Gabali, A.S. and A.N. Al-Gifri. 1991. A survey of the vegetation of Hadramout, Republic of Yemen. Fragm. Flor. Geobot., 36: p. 127-134. 189. Gao, Y., et al. 2002. A 10-year study on techniques for vegetation restoration in a desertified Salt Lake area. J Arid Environ, 52(4): p. 483-497. 190. Garbutt, W.D. 1944. Large-scale production in the middle Euphrates zone. Middle East Agricultural development: Cairo. p. 61-65.
191. Gawlik, D.E. and D.A. Rocque. 1998. Avian communities in bayheads, willowheads, and sawgrass marshes of the central Everglades. Wilson Bulletin, 110(1): p. 45-55. 192. Gillett, J.B. 1947. Rainfall in Iraq. 193. Gillett, J.B. 1948. Desert Vegetation in Iraq. 194. Gilliat-Smith, B. 1930. On the flora of the Nearer East. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew, VI-IX(1930): p. 273-312, 375-398, 427-463, 480-493. 195. Gindel, G.F. 1946. Afforestation of semi-arid and arid areas of Palestine. The Empire Forestry Review, 25(2): p. 213-221. 196. Giuseppi, P. 1933. Plant hunting in Persia. Gard. Illus., 54: p. 736-737. 197. Giuseppi, P.L. 1938. Iranian and Afghan plants. Gard. Chron. III, 103: p. 354-355. 198. Glinski, R.L. 1977. Regeneration and Distribution of Sycamore and Cottonwood Trees along Sonoita Creek, Santa Cruz County, Arizona. In Importance, Preservation, and Management of Riparian Habitat: A Symposium (July 9, 1977, Tucson, Arizona), R.R.J.a.D.A. Jones, Editor. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: Fort Collins, Colo. p. 116-123. 199. Goldsmid, S.F. 1895. Persian Geography. Jour. R.G.S., VI. 200. Gophen, M. 2000. Nutrient and plant dynamics in Lake Agmon Wetlands (Hula Valley, Israel): a review with emphasis on Typha domingensis (1994-1999). Hydrobiologia, 441(1-3): p. 25-36.
201. Grant, C.P. 1937. The Syrian desert; caravans, travel and exploration. London: A & C. black, Ltd. 202. Groser, W.H. 1888. The trees and plants mentioned in the Bible. London. 203. Guest, E. 1929. Names of Plants in Iraq. Dept. Agri. p. 25. 204. Guest, E. 1933. Notes on plants and plant products with their colloquial names in Iraq. Department of Agriculture: Baghdad. 205. Guest, E.R. 1953. The Rustam Herb. General and Ecological Account. Kew. Bull., VI(3). 206. Guest, E.R. 1953. The Rustam Herb. Iraq. Economics. Kew. Bull, VII(4). 207. Guest, E.R. 1966. Flora of Iraq Volume One. Introduction to the Flora, an account of the geology, soils, climate, and ecology of Iraq with gazetteer, glossary and bibliography. Iraq: Min. Agic. 313. 208. Hadac, E. 1960. The Family Cuscutaceae in Iraq. Bull. of Iraq Nat. Hist. Mus., 18. 209. Hadac, E. 1961. The Family cyperaceae in Iraq. Bull. Coll. Sc., 6. 210. Hadac, E. 1961. The Family Valerianaccae in Iraq. Bull. Coll. Sc. Baghdad, 6.
211. Hadac, E. 1961. The Pteridophyta of Iraq. Bull. of Iraq Nat. Hist. Mus., 1. 212. Hadary, G. and H. Sai. 1949. Handbook of agricultural statistics of Iran. Tehran: Bank Mllis Iran Press. 213. Hanaganu, J., G. Mihail, and H. Coops. 1990. Responses of ecotypes of Phragmites australis to increased seawater influence: a field study in the Danube Delta, Romania. Aquatic Botany, 64: p. 351-358. 214. Handel-Mazzetti, H.F. 1910-1914. Die Vegettionsverhaeltnisse von Mesopotamien and Kurdistan. Vien. 215. Harlan, J. 1862. On the fruits of Cabul and vicinity, with a view to the introduction of the grape-vine of that region into the central climate of the United States. The U. S. Patent Office: Washington. p. 526-537. 216. Harris, F.S. 1941. Forest trees of Iran. Proc. Utah Acad. Sci., 18: p. 25-26. 217. Harrison, J.V.K. 1936. South-west Iran. Geographical Journal, 88: p. 20-56. 218. Hart, H.C. 1886. Report on the botany of Sinai and South Palestine. 219. Hart, H.C. 1891. Some account of the fauna and flora of Sinai, Petra and Wady 'Arabah. Vol. 10. 255. 220. Hasselquis, F. 1766. Voyages and travels in the Levant. London.
221. Hazen, N.W. 1938. Agriculture in Palestine and the Development of the Jewish Colonization. Foreign Agriculture, 1: p. 119-148. 222. Henslow, G. 1906. The plants of the Bible: their ancient and medieval history, popularity described. Vol. XV. London. 294. 223. Hepper, F.N. 1977. Outline to the vegetation of Yemen Arab Republic. Cairo Univ. Herb. Giza Nos. ILL BIB., 7-8: p. 307-322. 224. Hickman, J.C. 1993. The Jepson Manual. Higher Plants of California. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 225. Hogarth, D.G. 1904. The penetration of Arabia: a record of the development of western knowledge concerning the Arabian peninsula. N.Y. 359. 226. Hooker, J.D. 1872-1897. Flora of British India. 227. Hooper, D. 1931. Some Persian drugs. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew, 1931: p. 299-344. 228. Hooper, D. 1937. Useful plants and drugs of Iran and Iraq. 229. Hooper, D. 1958. Useful plants and drugs of Iran and Iraq. 230. Hooper, D. and H. Field. 1937. Useful plants and rugs of Iran and Iraq. FMNH, Bot. Ser., 9(3): p. 71-241.
231. Hopkins, A.D. 1938. Bioclimatics, Science of Life and Climatic Relationships. U. S. Dept. of Agriculture: Washington, D. C. 232. Hossain, M.A. 1960. Revision of Trifolium in the nearer East. Notes R.B.G. Edin., 23: p. 387. 233. Huntington, E. 1909. The Afghan Borderland. in Nat. Geog. Mg. p. 788-799, 866-867. 234. Huntington, E. 1910. The Fringe of Vendure Around Asia Minor. Nat. Geog. Mag., (September): p. 7610775. 235. Huntington, E. 1911. Palestine and its transfomation. Boston. 443. 236. Huntington, E. 1919. The Mountaineers of the Euphrates. in Nat. Geog. Mag. p. 142-156. 237. Huzayyin, S.A. 1937. An Egyptian scientific expedition to south-west arabia. London: A & C. Black, Ltd. 238. International Engineering Co., I. 1947. Report on Program for the Development of Iran. Morrison-Knudsen International Co., Inc.: San Francisco, CA. 239. Ionides, M.G. and G.S. Blaikie. 1940. Report on the water resources of Trans-Jordan and their development. London. 240. Iran. 1947. Report of International Engineering Company, Inc. Morrison-Knudsen International Co., Inc.: San Francisco, CA, USA.
241. Ishii, J. and K. Yasuro. 2002. Factors influencing seed production of Phragmites australis. Aquatic Botany, 72: p. 129-141. 242. Jackson, A.V.W. 1906. Persia past and present. N.Y. London. 471. 243. Jones, R.F. and R. Washbourn. 1940. A contribution to the study of the fresh waters of Palestine. Pt. IIThe Flora. Jour. Bot.: p. 144-153. 244. Jutila, H.M. 2002. Seed banks of river delta meadows on the west coast of Finland. Annales Botanici Fennici, 39(1): p. 49-61. 245. Kallner, D.H. and E. Rosenau. 1939. The Geographical Regions of Palestine. Geogr. Rev., 29: p. 61-80. 246. Kassas, M.A. and M. Imam. 1954. Habitat and plant communities in the Egyptian desert. III. The wadi-bed ecosystem. J. Ecol., 42: p. 424-441. 247. Keddy, P. 1999. Wetland restoration: The potential for assembly rules in the service of conservation. Wetlands, 19(4): p. 716-732. 248. Keen, B.A. 1946. The agricultural development of the Middle East. London. 123. 249. Kennedy, W.P. 1937. Some additions to the fauna of Iraq. Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 39: p. 745-749. 250. Kentula, M.E. 2000. Perspectives on setting success criteria for wetland restoration. Ecological Engineering, 15(3-4): p. 199-209.
251. Kerley, G.I.H., M.H. Knight, and M. DeKock. 1995. Desertification of subtropical thicket in the Eastern Cape, South Africa: Are there alternatives? Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 37(1-3): p. 211-230. 252. Kerpex, T.A. and N.S. Smith. 1987. Saltcedar Control for Wildlife Habitat Improvement in the Southwestern United States. Washington, DC: USDI Fish and Wildlife Service Resource Publ. 169. 253. Kheirallah, G. 1952. Arabia Reborn. Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of Mexico Press. 214. 254. Kiernan, R.H. 1937. The unveiling of Arabia. London. 255. Kitto. 1841. The physical geography and natural history of the Holy Land. London. 256. Kovda, V.A. and Y.P. Lebedev. 1944. Soil cover of Iran. Pochvovedenise, 9: p. 433-436. 257. Lauzer, D.S.D. and G. Vincent. 2000. In vitro propagation of reed grass by somatic embrogenesis. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 60: p. 229-234. 258. Lawrence, T.e. 1935. The Diary of T. E. Lawrence, 1911. 259. Leachman, G. 1914. A Journey through Central Arabia. Geog. Jour., 43: p. 500-520. 260. Lenssen, J.P.M., et al. 2000. Variations in species composition and species richness within Phragmites australis dominated riparian zones. Plant Ecology, 147: p. 137-146.
261. Linchevaky, I. 1949. The basic principles of the distribution of the vegetation of Afghanistan. Kew. Bul.: p. 179-214. 262. Loveridge, A. 1955. Reptiles and amphibians from Bahrain island and Saudi Arabia. Contributions to the fauna and flora of southwestern Asia, Henry Field. 263. Lowdermilk, W.C. 1941. The cedars of Lebanon then and now. American Forests, 47: p. 16-20. 264. Lowdermilk, W.C. 1944. Palestine, land of promise. New York. 265. Lowe, B.A. 1944. Dry farming in the Beersheba District of Palestine. Middle East Agricultural development: Cairo. 266. Lowne, B.T. 1867. On the vegetation of the western and southern shores of the Dead Sea. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot., 9: p. 201-208. 267. Luke, S.H.C. and E. Keith-Roach. 1934. The Handbook of Palestine and Transjordan. 3rd ed. London: Macmillan & Co. 268. Mandaville, J.P. 1990. Flora of Eastern Saudi Arabia. London and New York: Kegan Paul International Ltd. 482. 269. Mauchamp, A., S. Branch, and P. Grillas. 2001. Effects of submergence on the growth of Phragmites australis seedlings. Aquatic Botany, 69: p. 147-164. 270. McKee, J. and A.J. Richards. 1996. Variation in seed production and germinability in common reed (Phragmites australis) in Britain and France with respect to climate. New Phytol, 133: p. 233-243.
271. Menchikowsky, F. 1938. Water conditions of the soil and irrigation. Hadar, 12(5): p. 145-148. 272. Migahid, A.M. 1978. Flora of Saudi Arabia. 2nd ed. Vol. 2: Riyadh Univ. Publ. 839. 273. Migahid, A.M. 1989. Flora of Saudi Arabia. 3rd ed. ed. Vol. Vol. 1 and 2: King Saud Univ. Press. 274. Moerman, D.E. 1996. An analysis of the food plants and drug plants of native North America. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 52(1): p. 1-22. 275. Moldenke, H.N. and A.L. Moldenke. 1952. Plants of the Bible. Waltham, Mass.: Chronica Botanica Co. 276. Morier, J. 1812. A journey through Persia, Armenia and Asia Minor to Constantinople in the years 1818-1809. London. 438. 277. Morier, J. 1816. A second journey through Persia, Armenia and Asia minor to Constantinople between the years 1810 and 1816. London. 435. 278. Morton, H.C.V. 1938. Through lands of the Bible. 279. Moser, C. The Isle of Frankincense. National Geographic. 280. Muschler, R. 1912. Alphabetical list of Arabian names of plants. Append. VII. In Manual Fl. of Egypt, R. Muschler, Editor. p. 1227-1264.
281. Muschler, R. 1912. A Manual Flora of Egypt. Vol. I and II. Berlin. 282. Musil, A. The Middle Euphrates, a topographical itinerary. N.Y. 283. Musil, A. 1926. Northern Hegaz. New York. 284. Newton, L.E. 1980. Phytogeographical Associations of the succulent plant Flora of South-West Arabia and the Horn of Africa. Nat. Cact. Succ. J., 35: p. 83-88. 285. Ogilby, J. 1673. Asia, the first part. 286. Onaindia, M. and I. Amezaga. 1999. Natural regeneration in salt marshes of northern Spain. Annales Botanici Fennici, 36(1): p. 59-66. 287. Oppenheimer, H.R. 1938. An account of the vegetation of the Huleh swans. Palest. Journ. of Bot., II: p. 34-39. 288. Oppenheimer, H.R. 1940. A contrib. to the desert flora south and southwest of the Dead Sea. Palestine Journ. Bot. Rehovet Ser., 3: p. 144-153. 289. Oppenheimer, H.R. 1940. A contribution to the desert flora south and south-west of the Dead Sea. Palestine Journ. Bot., Rehovot Ser., 3: p. 144-153. 290. Oppenheimer, H.R. 1949. Sand, swamp and weed vegetation at the estuary of the Rubin River, Palestine. Vegetation, 1: p. 155-174.
291. Osborne, H.S. 1861. Plants of the Holy Land, with their fruits and flowers. 292. Osborne, H.T. 1961. Plants of the Holy Land. Philad. 293. Paine, J.A. 1875. A list of the plants collected between the two sergas, Easter Palestine in the spring of 1873. Amer. Expl. Soc., 3: p. 91-129. 294. Palmer, E.H. 1871. The desert of the Exodus. Vol. 2. Cambridge, England. 283-576. 295. Parker, A.H. and E.T.F. Witkowski. 1999. Long-term impacts of abundant perennial water provision for game on herbaceous vegetation in a semi-arid African savanna woodland. Journal of Arid Environments, 41(3): p. 309-321. 296. Parsa, A. 1943-1950. Flora of Iran. Vol. I-VI. 297. Parsa, A. 1946. Persian names of plants and animals and their uses. Teheran. 298. Parsa, A. 1948. New species and varieties of the Persia flora. Kew. Bul., I(1947, 1948): p. 17-22, 191-228. 299. Petrov, M.P. 1945. Conditions of Soil Formation and Types of Soil of Northern Iran. Pochvovedenie, 3-4: p. 1945. 300. Philby, H.S.J. 1923. The Heart of Arabia. London.
301. Philby, H.S.J.B. 1929. Arabia of the Wahhabis. London. 302. Philby, H.S.J.B. 1939. Sheba's daughters. London. 303. Philby, H.S.J.B. 1948. Arabian Days. An Autobiography. London. 304. Picard, L. 1943. Structure and evolution with comparative notes on neighboring countries. Jerusalem. 134. 305. Polatschek, A. 1994. Nomenclatural Contributions to the Genus Erysimum (Brassicaceae). Phyton-Annales Rei Botanicae, 34(2): p. 189-202. 306. Popenoe, F.W. 1914. Fruit culture at Baghdad. Gard. Chron. III, 56: p. 229-230. 307. Popov, M.G. 1927. A sketch of the history of development of the flora in Middle Asia. Taschkent. 308. Popov, M.G. 1931. Between Mongolia and Iran. Bull. Appl. Bot. Genetics & Plant Breed, 26(3). 309. Post, G.E. 1896. Flora of Syria, Palestine, and Sinai. Beirut. 310. Post, G.E. 1932-1933. Flora of Syria, Palestine and Sinai. Beirut.
311. Post, G.E. 1933. Flora of Syria, Palestine and Sinai. 312. Pyke, C.R. and K.J. Havens. 1999. Distribution of the Invasive Reed Phragmites australis relative to sediment depth in a created wetland. Wetlands, 19: p. 283-287. 313. Raisz, E. 1951. Land forms of Arabia. Environmental Protection Section of the Office of the Quartermaster General, Inst. of Geographical Expl, Harvard University: Cambridge, Mass. 314. Ravikovitch, S. 1948. Peat soils and soils rich in organic matter in the Hulek Valley. Vol. 47: Jewish Agency for Palestine Agr. Res. Sta. B. 32. 315. Rechinger, K.H. 1957. New or Noteworthy Records for the Flora of Lower Iraq. Bull. Coll. of Sc., 2. 316. Rechinger, K.H. 1964. Flora of Lowland Iraq. Weinheim, ed. V.V.J. Cramer. New York, N.Y. 317. Redhead, R.M. 1867. Notes on the flora of the desert of Sinai. Linn. Soc. Jour. Bot., IX: p. 208-229. 318. Reichert, I. 1940. Studies on Mushrooms and other Fungi of the forests of Palestine. Pal. Journ. Bot. J. Ser., 3(1-2): p. 233-258. 319. Reifenberg, A. 1938. The Soils of Palestine. London. 320. Richards, E.C.M. 1920. Forest conditions and primitive forests. Journ. Forestry, 18: p. 710-718.
321. Rihani, A.F. 1930. Arabian peak and desert. Boston and New York. 280. 322. Rolletschek, H., et al. 1999. Clone specific differences in a Phragmites australis stand II. Seasonal Development of Morphological and Physiological Characteristics at Tall Site and after Transplantation. Aquatic Botany, 64: p. 247-260. 323. Roundy, B.A., R.A. Evans, and J.A. Young. May 2-6, 1983. Surface Soil and Seedbed Ecology in Salt-Desert Plant Communities. in Symposium on the Biology of Atriplex and Related Chenopods. Prov, Utah: Ogden, Utah: Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 324. Royle, J.F. 1848. Observations on the vegetation and products of Afghanistan, Kashmir and Tibet. London: C.n.t.p. 23. 325. Russell, A. 1756. The natural history of Aleoppo, and parts adjacent. 326. Samuel, L. 1946. Jewish Agriculture in Palestine: A Progressive Factor in Middle East Economy. Jerusalem: Jewish Agency for Palestine, Economic Research Institute. 327. Samuelsson, G. 1935. Notes on two collections of plants from Syria, Palestine, Transjordan, and Iraq. Sartryck ur Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift, 29(3). 328. Sapf, O. 1895. Recent botanical exploration in southern Persia. Linn. Soc. Jour. Bot., XXX(140-142). 329. Scholte, P.T., A.W. Al-Khuleidi, and J.J. Kessler. 1991. The Vegetation of the Republic of Yemen, Western Part. RLIP, OHV Consultants BV. p. 56 pages + vegetation map. 330. Schwan, H.E. Forage in Iraq.
331. Scott, H. 1942. In the high Yemen. 260. 332. Serag, M.S. and A.-h.A. Khedr. 2001. Vegetation-environment relationships along El-Salam Canal, Egypt. Environmetrics, 12: p. 219-232. 333. Shea, J.P. 1950. Methods of safeguard programs of technical assistance for under-developed areas. in Voice of America. 334. Smith, G.A. 1936. The historical geogr. of the Holy Land. London. 335. Smith, S.D., et al. 1998. Water Relations of Riparian Plants from Warm Desert Regions. Wetlands, 18(4): p. 687-696. 336. Smith, S.D., et al. 1991. Functional Responses on Riparian Vegetation of Streamflow Diversion in the Eastern Sierra Nevada. Ecological Applications, 1: p. 89-97. 337. Spratt, T.A.B. and E. Forbes. 1847. Travels in Lyeia, Milays and the Cibyratis, in company with the late Rev. E. T. Daniell. Vol. 2. London. 338. Stamp, L.D. Asia. A regional and economic geography. 8th ed. London, N. Y. 704. 339. Standley, P.C. 1941. Appendix H: Plants Collected by the Expedition. In Field Mus. of Natural Hist.: Chicago. 340. Stark, F. 1934. The valleys of the assassins and other Persian travels. New York. 364.
341. Stark, F. 1939. Seen in the Hadkramant New York. 199. 342. Stark, F. 1945. The southern gate of Arabia. New York. 224. 343. Statistics Division, U.S.W.B., in cooperation with the Weather Information Branch. Climate of South-western Asia. U.S. Army Air Forces. p. 206. 344. Stevens, L.E., et al. 2001. Planned flooding and Colorado River riparian trade-offs downstream from Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona. Ecological Applications, 11(3): p. 701-710. 345. Svejcar, T. 1989. Steambank Plants Vital to Water Quality. Agricultural Research, 8: p. 19. 346. Sykes, P.M. 1902. Ten thousand miles in Persia. London: J. Murray. 481. 347. Sykes, S.P.M. 1936. The quest for Cathay. London. 279. 348. Tackholm, V. 1974. Students Flora of Egypt. 2nd ed. ed: Cairo Univ. Press. 888. 349. Tate, G.P. 1909. The frontiers of Baluchitstan. London. 350. Thesinger, W. 1947. A journey through the Tihama, the Asir and the Hijaz mountains. G.J., 4-6: p. 188-200.
351. Thomsen, W. 1911. The Land and the Book. N.Y. and London. 352. Tristran, H.B. 1884. Fauna and Flora of Palestine. The committee of the Palest. Exped. Fund. 205-455. 353. Tristran, H.B. 1888. The survey of western Palestine. The Fauna and Flora of Palestine. Vol. 22. London. 455. 354. Tscharntke, J. 1992. Fragmentation of Phragmites Habitats, Minimum Viable Population Size, Habitat Suitability and Local Extinction of Moths, Midges, Flies, Aphids, and Birds. Conservation Biology, 6(4): p. 530-536. 355. Turrill, W.B. 1929. On the flora of the Nearer East. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew, IV: p. 223-235. 356. Twitchell, K.S. 1947. Saudi Arabia. Princeton. 357. Tyas, H. 1951. Flowers from the Holy Land. London. 358. Van der Putten, W.H. 1997. Die-back of Phragmites australis in European wetlands: an overview of the European research program on reed die-back and progression. Aquatic Botany, 59: p. 263-275. 359. Vessey-Fitzgerald, D.F. 1955. Vegetation of the Red Sea coast south of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. J. Ecol., 43: p. 477-489. 360. Vetaas, O.R. 1992. Gradients in field - layer vegetation on an arid misty mountain plateau in the Sudan. J. of Veget Sci., 3: p. 527-534.
361. Waisel, Y. 1972. Biology of Halophytes. New York and London: Academic Press. 395. 362. Wang, H.L., S.D. Yang, and C.L. Zhang. 1997. The photosynthetic characteristics of differently shaped leaves in Populus euphratica Olivier. Photosynthetica, 34(4): p. 545-553. 363. Ward, F.K. 1917. Mesopotamia in January. Gard. Chron. III, 61: p. 131. 364. Ward, F.K. 1918. A Mesopotamia calendar. Gard. Chron. III, 63: p. 252-253. 365. Ward, F.K. 1919. Flowers of the desert. Gard. Chron. III, 65: p. 133-134. 366. Warren, D.K. and R.M. Turner. 1975. Saltcedar (Tamarix chinensis) Seed Production, Seedling Establishment, and Response to Inundation. Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science, 10: p. 135-144. 367. Weinstein, M.P. and J.H. Balletto. 1999. Does the Common Reed, Phragmites australis, Affect Essential Fish Habitat? Estuaries, 22(38): p. 793-802. 368. Weisner, S.E.B. 1988. Factors affecting the internal oxygen supply of Phragmites australis in situ. Aquatic Botany, 31: p. 329-335. 369. Weisner, S.E.B., W. Graneli, and B. Ekstam. 1993. Influence of submergence on growth of seedlings of Scirpus lacustris and Phragmites australis. Freshwater Biology, 29: p. 371-375. 370. Willcox, G. 1996. Evidence for plant exploitation and vegetation history from three early Neolithic pre-pottery sites on the Euphrates (Syria). Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 5(1-2): p. 143-152.
371. Willis, J.C. 1955. A Dictionary of the Flowering Plants and Ferns. 372. Wilsey, B.J., K.L. Mckee, and I.A. Mendelssohn. 1992. Effects of Increased Elevation and Macronutrient and Micronutrient Additions on Spartina-Alterniflora Transplant Success in Salt-Marsh Dieback Areas in Louisiana. Environmental Management, 16(4): p. 505-511. 373. Wilson, S.A.T. 1932. Persia. New York. 400. 374. Wood, J. 1872. A journey to the source of the river Opus. ed. A. Wood. 280. 375. Worthington, E.B. 1946. Middle East science: A survey of subjects other than agricultural. 239. 376. Wright and Platt. 1947. Aids to Geographical Research. 2nd ed. New York: Colombia Univ. Press. 331. 377. Yates, M.C. 1888. Northern Afghanistan. Edinburgh. 378. Younes, H.A., M.A. Zahran, and E.M. El-Qurashy. 1983. Vegetation-Soil relationship of sea-inlandward transect, Red Sea Coast, Saudi Arabia. J. of Arid Environ, 6: p. 349-356. 379. Zahary, M. 1945. Outline of the vegetation in the Wadi Arabia. Journal of Ecology, 32: p. 204-214. 380. Zahran, M.A. 1982. Vegetation types of Saudi Arabia. Fac. of Meteoro. and Arid Environ. Jeddah: King Abdulaziz Univ. Press. 61.
381. Zahran, M.A. and H.F. Al-Kaf. 1996. Introduction to the Ecology of the littoral Halphytes of Yemen. Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research, 14(3): p. 691-703. 382. Zahran, M.A. and I.A. Mashally. 1991. Ecological notes on the flora of the Red Sea costal land of Egypt. Bull. Fac. Sci. Mansoura Univ., 18: p. 251-292. 383. Zedler, J.B. 2000. Progress in wetland restoration ecology. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 15(10): p. 402-407. 384. Zhao, K.F., L.T. Feng, and S.Q. Zhang. 1999. Study on the Salinity-adaptation Physiology in Different Ecotypes of Phragmites australis in the Yellow River Delta of China: Osmotica and Their Contribution to the Osmotic Adjustment. Estuaries, Costal and Shelf Science, 49: p. 37-42. 385. Zohary. 1953. The Ecology of the Arabian Desert. Israel Exploration Journal, 2. 386. Zohary, M. 1939. To the knowledge of the flora of the Syrian Desert. Pal. Journ. Bot. J. Ser., 1: p. 241-254. 387. Zohary, M. 1940. Geobotanical analysis of the Syrian Desert. Pal. Journ. Bot. J. Ser., 2: p. 46-96. 388. Zohary, M. 1940. On the Ghada tree of Northern Arabia and the Syrian Desert. Pal. Journ. Bot. J. Ser., 1: p. 413-416. 389. Zohary, M. 1940-1941. The flora of the Desert to the South and West of Basrah, Mesopotamia. Sess: Linnean Soc. London. 153, Pt. 1: 98-108. 390. Zohary, M. 1941. The flora of the desert to the south and west of Basra, Mesopotamia. Proc. Linn. Soc., 153(98-108).
391. Zohary, M. 1942. The Vegetation Aspect of Palestine Soils. Palestine Journ. of Botany. Jersu. Ser., 4: p. 200-247. 392. Zohary, M. 1942. The vegetational aspect of Palestine soils. Pal. Journ. Bot. J. Ser., 2: p. 200-246. 393. Zohary, M. 1943. Future of the Near East Deserts. Desert Plant Life. Agricultural prospects. in Pal. & Middle East Magaz. p. 1-4. 394. Zohary, M. 1944. Introdction to the Geobotany of Palestine. Jersu: Dept. of Botany. Hebrew University. 395. Zohary, M. 1946. The Flora of Iraq and its Phytogeographical Subdivision. Ministry of Econ. Iraq. Bull, 31. 396. Zohary, M. 1947. A vegetation map of western Palestine. Journ. Ecol., 34(1-19). 397. Zohary, M. 1949. Plants for the flora of Iraq. Palestine Journ. Bot. Jerusalem Ser., 4: p. 234-236. 398. Zohary, M. 1973. Geobotanical foundations of the Middle East. Vol. 1-2. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag.
|
![[Image]: Marsh Information page header.](../images/marshheader.gif){kind=small}
About Us | Marshland Info | Links | Get Involved | Contact Us
Dr. Suzie
Alwash ©Copyright 2003 Eden Again Project, All Rights Reserved |