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Restoration of the Mesopotamian Marshlands
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A Project of
the Iraq Foundation

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[Photo]: Marshlands in their original condition.


 

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Bibliography - Restoration Bibliography

Photo Gallery | Satellite Images & Maps | Reports | Bibliography
Marsh Dwellers | Marshland Information | Media Coverage | General Reading

 

1. 1992. Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems: Science, Technology, and Public policy. ed. N.N.R. Council). Washington DC: National Academy Press.

2. 1994. A Citizen's Guide to Wetland Restoration: Approaches to Restoring Vegetation Communities and Wildlife Habitat Structure in Freshwater Wetland Systems. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region 10.

3. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and Boundaries. ed. N.R. Council. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.

4. 1996. Planning Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration Monitoring Programs. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

5. 2000. Principles for the Ecological Restoration of Aquatic Resources. Office of Water (4501F), United States Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, D.C.

6. 2002. Resolution VIII.16: Principles and guidelines for wetland restoration. in Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. Ramsar, Iran.

7. 2003. Building a Scientific Basis for Restoration of the Mesopotamian Marshlands. The Eden Again Project, Iraq Foundation.

8. Abdul-Fatih. 1975. The vegetation of saline swampy areas of Bahr-al-Najaf, Iraq. in Bull. Coll Sci. University of Baghdad: Baghdad. p. 17: 49-52.

9. Agriculture, C.f.t.W.A.o. 1973. World Atlas of Agriculture, Asia and Oceania. Instituto Geografico De Agostin. p. 207-287.

10. Ahn, C. and W.J. Mitsch. 2002. Scaling considerations of mesocosm wetlands in simulating large created freshwater marshes. Ecological Engineering, 18(3): p. 327-342.

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11. Al-Dabbagh, K.Y. in litt. The Bird fauna of some selected sites in Central Iraq.

12. Al-Dabbagh, K.Y.a.B., M.K. 1981. The breeding habits of the Iraqi Babbler, Turdoides altirostris (Hartert). Nt. Hist. Res. Centr Publ.: Iraq. p. 1-109.

13. Al-Hilli, M.R. 1977. Studies on the plant ecology of the Ahwar regions in southern Iraq. Estuaries, Costal and Shelf Science, 31: p. 411-421.

14. Al-Mayah, A.R. 1978. Common water and marsh angiosperms of southern Iraq. J. Bang. Acad. Sci. p. 47-54.

15. Al-Rawi, A.H., Al-Khalafaji, A., Thijeel, A. M. and Knibbe, M. 1971. Morphology and salinity of soils in two areas of the Greater Mussaybe Project. UNESCO Inst. for Appl. Research on Nat. Resources.

16. Al-Rubaiay, D., J. 1984. Irrigation and drainage systems in Basra Province, Iraq. University of Durham. p. 439.

17. Al-Saadi, H.A., S.E. Antoine & A.K.M. Nurul Islam. 1981. Limnological investigation in Al-Hammar Marsh Area in Southern Iraq. Nova Hedwigia, 35: p. 157-165.

18. Al-Saadi, H.A.A.-M., A. A. 1983. Aquatic plants of Iraq. in Centre of Arab Gulf Studies Publications. University of Basrah: Basrah, Iraq.

19. Altaie, F.H. 1968. Contribution of the knowledge of the soils of Iraq. University of Ghent.

20. AMAR. 1994. An Environmental and Ecological Study of the Marshlands of Mesopotamia. in Wetland Ecosystems Research Group. University of Exeter: London.

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21. Armour, C.L., D.A. Duff, and W. Elmore. 1991. The effect of livestock grazing on riparian and stream ecosystems. Fisheries, 16: p. 7-11.

22. Armstrong, J.e.a. 1996. A role for phytotoxins in the Phragmites die-back syndrome? Folia Geobotanica & Phytotaxonomica, 31(1): p. 127.

23. Aronson, J., et al. 1993. Restoration and Rehabilitation of Degraded Ecosystems in Arid and Semiarid Lands 1: A View from the South. Restoration Ecology, 1: p. 8-17.

24. Ayyad, M.A. and R. El-Ghareeb. 1982. Salt marsh vegetation of the western Mediterranean desert of Egypt. Vegetatio, 49: p. 3-19.

25. Babikir, A.A.A.H.K. 1992. Vegetational Patterns Within a Costal Saline of NE-Qatar. Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research, 10(2): p. 61-75.

26. Beek, M.A. 1960. Overzicht over geschiedenis en beschaving van Mesopotamie van de steentijd tot de val van Babylon. In Atlas van het Tweestromenland. MCMLX: Elsevier, Amsterdam, Brussels.

27. Beek, M.A. 1974. Aan Babylons stromen. In Hoofdmomenten uit de cultuurgeschiedenis van Mesopotamie in het oudtestamentische tijdvak: Kosmos, Amsterdam, Antwerpen.

28. Bell, S.S., M.S. Fonseca, and L.B. Motten. 1997. Linking restoration and landscape ecology. Restoration Ecology, 5(4): p. 318-323.

29. Boumans, J.H., Dieleman, P. J. (ed), Hulsbos, W. C., Lindenbergh, H. L. J., Van der Sluis, P. M. 1963. Reclamation of Salt-effected Soils in Iraq. in Soil hydrological and Agricultural Studies. IILC, Publ. Nr. 11: Wageningen.

30. Boyer, K.E.a.J.B.Z. 1996. Damage to cordgrass by scale insects in a constructed salt marsh: effects of Nitrogen additions. Estuaries, 19: p. 1-12.

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31. Boyer, K.E.a.J.B.Z. 1998. Effects of nitrogen additions on the vertical structure of a constructed cordgrass marsh. Ecological Applications, 8: p. 692-705.

32. Boyer, K.E.a.J.B.Z. 1999. Nitrogen addition could shift species composition in a restored California salt marsh. Restoration Ecology, 7: p. 74-85.

33. Boyer, K.E.a.J.B.Z. 2000. Evaluating the process of restored cordgrass (Spartina foliosa) marshes:  Belowground biomass and tissue N. Estuaries, 23: p. 711-721.

34. Bradshaw, A.D. 1987. The reclamation of derelict land and the ecology of ecosystems. In Restoration Ecology, W.R. Jordan, M.E. Gilpin, and J.D. Aber, Editors. Cambridge University Press: New York, New York. p. 53-74.

35. Bradshaw, A.D. and M.J. Chadwick. 1980. The Land Restoration: The Ecology and Reclamation of Derelict and Degraded Land. London: Blackwell Scientific Publications.

36. Brady, M.M., Mehdi, M. S., Khawar, J. M. 1980. Water resources of Iraq. In: Johl, S. S. (ed.) ed. Irrigation and agricultural development. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

37. Briggs, M.K. 1996. Riparian Ecosystem Recovery in Arid Lands. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press.

38. Brinson, M.M. 1993. A Hydrogeomorphic Classification for Wetlands. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station: Vicksburg, Mississippi, USA.

39. Brotherson, J.D. and D. Field. 1987. Tamarix: Impacts of a successful weed. Rangelands, 9: p. 110-112.

40. Brotherson, J.D. and V. Windel. 1986. Habitat relationships of salt cedar (Tamarix ramsissima) in central Utah. Great Basin Nat., 46: p. 535-541.

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41. Buijse, A.D., et al. 2002. Restoration strategies for river floodplains along large lowland rivers in Europe. Freshwater Biology, 47(4): p. 889-907.

42. Buringh, P. 1960. Soils and Soil Conditions in Iraq. Dir. Gen. of Agric. Rest. and Projects, Ministry of Agric.: Baghdad.

43. Buringh, P. 1961. Soil Survay Report of the Hilla-Kifl Drainage Project (Hilla Section). Div. of Soils and Agric. Chem., Ministry of Agric., Iraq: Baghdad.

44. Buringh, P.E., C. H. 1955. Some remarks about the soils of the alluvial plain of Iraq, south of Baghdad. Neth. Journ. of Agric. Science, 3: p. 40-49.

45. Caffrey, J.M. 1993. Aquatic plant management in relation to Irish recreational fisheries development. Plant Management, 31: p. 162-168.

46. Caffrey, J.M. and T. Beglin. 1996. Bankside stabilization through reed transplantation in a newly constructed Irish canal habitat. Hydrobiologia, 340: p. 349-354.

47. Callaway, J.C., G. Sullivan, and J. B. Zelder. In press. Species-rich planting increase biomass and nitrogen accumulation in a wetland restoration experiment. Ecological Applications.

48. Carins, J. 1995. Rehabilitating Damaged Ecosystems. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Lewis Press.

49. Carp, E. and D.A. Scott. The Wetlands and Waterfowl of Iraq: Report on the Joint Expedition of the International Waterfowl Research Bureau and the University of Basrah, Iraq: 10th January to 3rd February, 1979. 1979. IWRB. p. 1-34.

50. Catsadorakis, G. and J. Alain. 2001. Nesting Habitat Characteristics and Breeding Performance of Dalmation Pelicans in Lake Mikri Prespa, NW Greece. Waterbirds, 24(3): p. 386-393.

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51. Cheesman, R.E. 1922. Zoological investigations in the Persian Gulf and Iraq. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 28: p. 1108-1110.

52. Clevering, O.A. 1999. Between- and within-population differences in Phragmites australis. Oecologia, 121: p. 447-457.

53. Clevering, O.A. and W.M.G. vanGulik. 1997. Restoration of Scirpus lacustris and Scirpus maritimus stands in a former tidal area. Aquatic Botany, 55(4): p. 229-246.

54. Colvin, M. 1993. Saddam turns marshes to dust. in Sunday Times.

55. Dawe, N.K., et al. 2000. Marsh creation in a northern Pacific estuary: Is thirteen years of monitoring vegetation dynamics enough? Conservation Ecology, 4(2): p. art. no.-12.

56. De Bakker, H. 1965. A study on possible schemes for solving the salinity problems of Abadan Island, Iran. U. N. Economic Commission for Asiand and the Far East (ECAFE), Report of Advisory Group on Development of Deltaic Areas. p. 24-31.

57. Delver, P. 1962. Properties of Saline Soils in Iraq. Neth. Journ. of Agric. Science, 10: p. 194-210.

58. Desmond, J., J. B. Zedler, and G. D. Williams. 2000. Fish use of tidal creek habitats in two southern California salt marshes. Ecological Engineering, 14: p. 233-252.

59. Douabul, A.A.Z., et al. 1987. Restoration of Heavily Polluted Branches of the Shatt Al-Arab River, Iraq. Water Research, 21(8): p. 955-960.

60. Dougrameji, J.S., Musley, K. I., Hana A. B. 1980. Land reclamation and rehabilitation in Iraq. In Irrigation and agricultural development, S.S. Johl, Editor. Pergamon Press: Oxford. p. 293.

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61. El-Daghistani, S.R., Dougrameji, J., Al-Nakib, Z., Takessian, B. A., Al-Tawil, B., and Van Art, R. 1972. Feasibility Study on the Development of the Shatt Al-Basra Canal Project. Inst. for Appl. Res. on Nat. Resources, Techn Bull. no. 41, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research: Baghdad, Iraq.

62. Erwin, K.L. 1996. A Bibliography of Wetland Creation and Restoration Literature. The Association of State Wetland Managers: Berne, New York.

63. Fend, P.G., Ingo. 1984. Iraq's secret weapon: water.

64. Gao, Y., et al. 2002. A 10-year study on techniques for vegetation restoration in a desertified Salt Lake area. J Arid Environ, 52(4): p. 483-497.

65. Gawlik, D.E. and D.A. Rocque. 1998. Avian communities in bayheads, willowheads, and sawgrass marshes of the central Everglades. Wilson Bulletin, 110(1): p. 45-55.

66. Gersib, R. 1997. Restoring Wetlands at a River Basin Scale: A Guide for Washington's Puget Sound. Washington State Department of Ecology: Seattle, Washington.

67. Group, F.I.S.R. 1998. Stream Corridor Restoration: Principles, Processes, and Practices.

68. Haltiner, J., J. B. Zedler, K. E. Boyer, G. D. WIlliams, and J. C. Callaway. 1997. Influence of physical processes on the design, functioning and evolution of restored tidal wetlands in California. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 4: p. 73-91.

69. Hey, D.L. and N.S. Philippi. 1995. Flood reduction through wetland restoration: The Upper Mississippi River Basin as a Case History. Restoration Ecology, 3: p. 4-17.

70. Heyerdahl, T. 1979. Tigris. Bussum.

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71. Hutnick, R.J. and J. Davis. 1973. Ecology and Reclamation of Devastated Land. Vol. 1 and 2. New York: Gordon & Breach.

72. Ionides, M.G. 1937. The regime of the rivers Euphrates and Tigris. London.

73. Irlandi, E.A. and M.K. Crawford. 1997. Habitat linkages: The effect of intertidal saltmarshes and adjacent subtidal habitats on abundance, movement, and growth of an estuarine fish. Oecologia, 110(2): p. 222-230.

74. (IUCN), T.W.C.U. 2003. From Dream to Nightmare?  Ecosystem Approach to the Rescue.

75. Jordan, F., et al. 1996. Spatial ecology of the crayfish Procambarus alleni in a Florida wetland mosaic. Wetlands, 16(2): p. 134-142.

76. Jordan, W.R.I., M.E. Gilpin, and J.D. Aber. 1987. Restoration Ecology: Ecological Restoration as a Technique for Basic Research. New York, New York: Cambridge University Press.

77. Jutila, H.M. 2002. Seed banks of river delta meadows on the west coast of Finland. Annales Botanici Fennici, 39(1): p. 49-61.

78. Keddy, P. 1999. Wetland restoration: The potential for assembly rules in the service of conservation. Wetlands, 19(4): p. 716-732.

79. Keer, G., and J. B. Zedler. 2002. Salt marsh canopy architecture differs with the number of composition of species. Ecological Applications, 12: p. 456-473.

80. Kentula, M.E. 1996. Wetland restoration and creation. In The National Water Summary on Wetland Resources, D.J. Fretwell, J.S. Williams, and P.J. Redman, Editors. U.S. Geological Survey: Washington, D.C. p. 87-92.

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81. Kentula, M.E. 2000. Perspectives on setting success criteria for wetland restoration. Ecological Engineering, 15(3-4): p. 199-209.

82. Kingsford, R.T. 1995. Ecological effects of river management in New South Wales. In Conserving biodiversity: Threats and Solutions, R.A. Bradstock, Auld, T. D., Keith, D. A., Kingsford, R. T., Lunney, D., Sivertsen, D. P., Editor. Surrey Beatty & Son: Sydney. p. 144-161.

83. Kingsford, R.T. 1995. Occurrence of high concentration of waterbirds in arid Austrailia. Journal of Arid Environments, 29: p. 421-425.

84. Kingsford, R.T. 1999. Counting the costs on wetlands of taking water from our rivers: the Macquarie Marshes as a test. In Preserving Rural Australia, A.I.R.R. Watts, Editor. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood. p. 125-143.

85. Kingsford, R.T. 1999. Free-flowing river: the ecology of the Paroo River. New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service: Sydney.

86. Kingsford, R.T. 1999. Impact of water diversions on colonially nesting waterbirds in the Macquarie Marshes in arid Australia. Colonial Waterbirds, 21: p. 159-170.

87. Kingsford, R.T. 1999. Managing the water of the Border Rivers in Australia: irrigation, Government and the wetland environment. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 7: p. 25-35.

88. Kingsford, R.T. 2000. Ecological impacts of dams, water diversions and river management of floodplain wetlands in Australia. Austral Ecology, 25(109-127).

89. Kingsford, R.T. 2000. Irrigated agriculture and Wildlife Conservation: Conflict on a Global Scale. Environmental Management, 25(485-512).

90. Kingsford, R.T. in press. Social, institutional and economic drivers for water resource development - a case study of the Murrumbridgee River, Australia. Aquatic Ecosystems Health and Management.

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91. Kingsford, R.T., A. L. Curtin & J. L. Porter. 1999. Water flows on Cooper Creek determine "boom" and "bust" periods for waterbirds. Biological Conservation, 88: p. 231-248.

92. Kingsford, R.T., and Thomas, R. F. 1995. Macquarie Marshes and its waterbirds in arid Australia: a 50 year history of decline. Environmental Management, 19: p. 867-878.

93. Kingsford, R.T., Boulton, A. J., and J. M. Puckridge. 1998. Challenges in managing dryland rivers crossing political boundaries: Lessons from Cooper Creek an the Paroo River, Central Australia. Aquatic Conservation-Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 8: p. 361-378.

94. Kingsford, R.T., Thomas, R.F., Curtin, A. L. 2001. Challenges for the conservation of wetlands on the Paroo and Warrego Rivers. Pacific Conservation Biology, 7: p. 21-33.

95. Kingsford, R.T.P., J. L. 1994. Waterbirds on an adjacent freshwater and salt lake in arid Australia. Biological Conservation, 69: p. 219-228.

96. Kloes, J.J.L. 1956. Soil survay of the Naifa Project, Near Samara. Iraq Ministry of Agriculture: Baghdad.

97. Kondolf, G.M. and E.R. Micheli. 1995. Evaluating Stream Restoration Projects. Environmental Management, 19: p. 1-15.

98. Kusler, J.A. and M.E. Kentula. 1990. Wetland Creation and Restoration: The Status of the Science. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.

99. Langis, R., M. Zalejko, and J. B. Zedler. 1991. Nitrogen assessments in a constructed and a natural salt marsh of San Diego Bay, California. Ecological Applications, 1: p. 40-51.

100.    Larsen, C.H. 1975. The Mesopotamian Delta Region, a reconsideration of the Lees and Falcons. Journ. Amer. Oriental Soc., 95: p. 45-57.

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101. Lees, G.M., & Falcon, N. L. 1952. The geographical history of the Mesopotamian Plain. The Geographical Journal, CXVIII (1952): p. 24-40.

102. Lemly, D., Kingsford, R. T., Thompson, J. R. 2000. Irrigated Agriculture and Wildlife Conservation: Conflict on a Global Scale. Environmental Management, 25: p. 485-512.

103. Lindig-Cisneros, R., J. Desmond, K. Boyer, and J. B. Zedler. 2003. Wetland restoration thresholds: Can a degradation transition be reversed with increased effort. Ecological Applications, 13: p. 193-205.

104. Lindig-Cisneros, R.a.J.B.Z. 2002. Halophyte recruitment in a salt marsh restoration site. Estuaries, 25: p. 1174-1183.

105. Madon, S.P., G. D. Williams, J. M. West, and J. B. Zedler. 2001. The importance of marsh access to growth of the California killifish, Fundulus parvipinnis, evaluated through bioenergetics modeling. Ecological Modelling, 136: p. 412-422.

106. Madon, S.P., J. West, J. B. Zedler. 2002. Responses of fish to topographic heterogeneity in an experimental marsh. Ecological Restoration, 20: p. 56-58.

107. Madon, S.P., et al. 2001. The importance of marsh access to growth of the California killifish, Fundulus parvipinnis, evaluated through bioenergetics modeling. Ecological Modelling, 136(2-3): p. 149-165.

108. McCready W. & Robson, J.F. 1972. Development of irrigation an drainage in the Bada'a Delta, Iraq. in Field irrigation in Deltaic Costal and Low Lying Areas, N. Constantinidis, Editor. 8th Congress on Irrig. and Drain.: Varna.

109. Middleton, B. 1999. Wetland Restoration, Flood Pulsing, and Disturbance Dynamics. New York, New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

110. Mitsch, W.J. and J.G. Gosselink. 1999. Wetlands. third edition ed. New York, New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

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111. Morrison, M.D.K., R. T. 1997. The management of inland wetlands and river flows and the importance of economic valuation in New South Wales. Wetlands (Australia), 16: p. 83-98.

112. NEDECO. 1956. Study of the Abu-Dibbis depression. Report of the Dev. Board, Min. of Agric.: Baghdad.

113. Nienhuis, P.H., et al. 2002. The state of the art of aquatic and semi-aquatic ecological restoration projects in the Netherlands. Hydrobiologia, 478(1-3): p. 219-233.

114. Nomas, H.B. 1988. The water resources of Iraq: An assessment. University of Durham.

115. North, A. 1993. Saddam's water war. in Geographical Magazine. p. 10-14.

116. Onaindia, M. and I. Amezaga. 1999. Natural regeneration in salt marshes of northern Spain. Annales Botanici Fennici, 36(1): p. 59-66.

117. Phinn, S.R., D. A. Stow, and J. B. Zedler. 1996. Monitoring wetland habitat restoratiton in southern California using airborne digital multispectral video data. Restoration Ecology, 4: p. 412-422.

118. Pinit, T.P. and R.J. Bellmer. 2000. Habitat Restoration - Monitoring Toward Success: a Selective Annotated Bibliography. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-F/SPO-42: Silver Springs, MD. p. 21.

119. Pons, L.J. 1992. Holocene peat formation in the lower part of the Netherlands. In Ferns and bogs in the Netherlands, J.T.H. Verhoeven, Editor. Kluwer Ac. Publ.: the Netherlands. p. 7-79.

120. Raposa, K. 2002. Early responses of fishes and crustaceans to restoration of a tidally restricted New England salt marsh. Restoration Ecology, 10(4): p. 665-676.

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121. Richardson, C.J. and J.K. Huvane. 2001. Everglades Restoration: A Primer. EAA Environmental Protection District of Florida.

122. Riley, A.L. 1998. Restoring Streams in Cities. Washington DC: Island Press.

123. Rzoska, J. 1980. Rivers of Mesopotamian Iraq as dominating factors. In Euphrates and Tigris, Mesopotamian Ecology and Destiny, J. Ilies, Editor. The Hague-Boston-London.

124. Scatolini, S.R., and J. B. Zedler. 1996. Epibenthic invertebrates of natural and constructed marshes of San Diego Bay. Wetlands, 16: p. 24-37.

125. Schilstra, J. 1962. Irrigation as a soil and relief-forming factor in the Lower Mesopotamian Plain. Neth. Journ. of Agric. Science, 10: p. 179-193.

126. Schilstra, J., Al-Obaidi, Radhi. 1961. Soil survay report of the Hussainiyah Beni Hassan Drainage Project. Div. of soils and Agric. Chem., Ministry of Agric. Iraq: Baghdad.

127. Schilstra, J., Al-Samarai, Y. M., Al-Barzinji, A. F. & Yahya, H. M. 1961. The soils of the Latifiyah Project. Div. of Soils and Agric. Chem., Ministry of Agr., Iraq: Baghdad.

128. Simenstad, C.A. and J.R. Cordell. 2000. Ecological assessment criteria for restoring anadromous salmonid habitat in Pacific Northwest estuaries. Ecological Engineering, 15(3-4): p. 283-302.

129. Stevens, L.E., et al. 2001. Planned flooding and Colorado River riparian trade-offs downstream from Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona. Ecological Applications, 11(3): p. 701-710.

130. Stevens, M. and R. Vanbianchi. 1993. Restoring Wetlands in Washington: A guidebook for wetland restoration, planning and implementation. Washington State Department of Ecology.

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131. Talling, J.F. 1980. Water Characteristics. In Euphrates and Tigris, Mesopotamian Ecology and Destiny, J. Ilies, Editor. The Hague-Boston-London. p. 63-79.

132. Teal, J.M. and M.P. Weinstein. 2002. Ecological engineering, design, and construction considerations for marsh restorations in Delaware Bay, USA. Ecological Engineering, 18(5): p. 607-618.

133. van der Sluis, P. 1957. In the Land van de Euphrates and the Tigris. Vol. 68. Tijdschr: Ned. Heidemij. 39-50; 60-70.

134. Vink, A.P.A. 1970. Report to the Government of Iraq on soils, land reclamation and pilot projects. F.A.O.: Rome.

135. Wartena, L. 1959. The climate and the evaporation of a lake in central Iraq. Wageningen.

136. West, B.G. 1955. Report of the Soil Survay and Soil Classification of the Dujaila Project. Div. of Soils and Agric. Chem., Min. of Agruculture, F.A.O. Mission to Iraq: Baghdad.

137. West, J.M., and J. B. Zedler. 2000. Marsh-creek connectivity: Fish use of a tidal salt marsh in southern California. Estuaries, 23: p. 699-710.

138. Willcocks, S.W. 1912. The Garden of Eden and its restoration. The Geographical Journal, Vol. XV (1912): p. 129-168.

139. Williams, E.P.B. 1994. From reclamation to restoration - changing perspectives in wetland management. Wetland Management: p. 1-6.

140. Williams, G.D. and J.B. Zedler. 1999. Fish assemblage composition in constructed and natural tidal marshes of San Diego Bay: Relative influence of channel morphology and restoration history. Estuaries, 22(3A): p. 702-716.

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141. Wilsey, B.J., K.L. Mckee, and I.A. Mendelssohn. 1992. Effects of Increased Elevation and Macronutrient and Micronutrient Additions on Spartina-Alterniflora Transplant Success in Salt-Marsh Dieback Areas in Louisiana. Environmental Management, 16(4): p. 505-511.

142. Yahia, H.M. 1971. Soils and soil conditions in sediments of the Ramadi Province (Iraq).  Their genesis, salinity, improvement and use. Thesis 1971 University Amsterdam ed. Vol. Lab. University Amsterdam, no. 18. Amsterdam: Publ. Fys.-Georg. and Bodemk.

143. Zedler, J.B. 1993. Canopy architecture of natural and planted cordgrass marshes: Selecting habitat evaluation criteria. Ecological Applications, 3: p. 123-138.

144. Zedler, J.B. 1996. Tidal Wetland Restoration: A Scientific Perspective and Southern California Focus. La Jolla, California: California Sea Grant Program.

145. Zedler, J.B. 2000. Handbook for Restoring Tidal Wetlands. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press.

146. Zedler, J.B. 2000. Progress in wetland restoration ecology. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 15(10): p. 402-407.

147. Zedler, J.B., and A. Powell. 1993. Problems in managing costal wetlands: Complexities, compromises, and concerns. Oceanus, 36(2): p. 19-28.

148. Zedler, J.B., and J. C. Callaway. 1999. Tracking wetland restoration: Do mitigation sites follow desired trajectories? Restoration Ecology, 7: p. 69-73.

149. Zedler, J.B. and J.C. Callaway. 2000. Evaluating the progress of engineered tidal wetlands. Ecological Engineering, 15(3-4): p. 211-225.

150. Zedler, J.B. and J.C. Callaway. 2003. Adaptive Restoration: A strategic approach for integrating research into restoration projects. In Managing for Healthy Ecosystems, D.J. Rapport, et al., Editors. Lewis Publishers: Boca Raton, Florida. p. 167-174.

151. Zedler, J.B., H. N. Morzaria-Luna, and K. Ward. In press. The challenge of restoring vegetation on tidal, hypersaline substrates. Plant and Soil.

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