[Image]: Column Divider [Image]: Eden Again Logo [Image]: Column Divider

Eden Again

Restoration of the Mesopotamian Marshlands
[Image]: Column Divider

[Image]: Column Divider

[Image]:Navigation Button - links to Homepage
[Image]:Navigation Button - links to About Us page.
[Image]:Navigation Button - links to Marshland Information page.
[Image]:Navigation Button - links to Related links.
[Image]:Navigation Button - links to information on how you can participate in the project.
[Image]:Navigation Button - links to page containing contact information.

[Image]: Column Divider

 

 

[Image]: Column Divider
[Image]: Column Divider [Image]: Column Divider [Image]: Column Divider [Image]: Column Divider
[Image]: Column Divider

[Image]: Column Divider

A Project of
the Iraq Foundation

[Image]: Iraq Foundation Logo

[Image]: Column Divider

[Photo]: Marshlands in their original condition.


 

[Image]: Column Divider

[Image]: Marsh Information page header.

Bibliography- Wildlife

Photo Gallery | Satellite Images & Maps | Reports | Bibliography
Marsh Dwellers | Marshland Information | Media Coverage | General Reading

 

1. Index Kewensis.

2. Index Londinensis.

3. Zoographic composition. J. Oman Stud. p. 187-216.

4. 1875. Wild flowers of the Holy Land. 2 ed. London.

5. 1888. Narrative of a scientific expedition in the Transjordanic region in the Spring of 1886. Pal. Explor.: p. 175-237.

6. 1889. The Botanical geography of Syria and Palestine. Victoria Inst. Jour. Trans., XXII: p. 253-311.

7. 1896. Flora of Syria, Palestine, and Sinai, from the Taurus to Ras Muhammad and from the Mediterranean Sea to the Syrian Desert.

8. 1910. Forest Resources. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture.  Forest Service. p. 7.

9. 1910. Forests, extent and percent of land area. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture.  Forest Service.

10. 1913. Resemblance to Imperial Valley, Calif. in climate and topography. Bureau of Plant Industry. p. 40-41.

Top

 

11. 1915-1919. A survey of the Fauna of Iraq.  Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Etc. The Bombay Natural History Society: Dulau & Col, Ltd. London, England.

12. 1917. Fruits, production, exports and imports. U.S. Department of Agriculture. p. 483.

13. 1919. Mesopotamia: Gums, lime and bituminous resources. Board of Trade Journal, 103.

14. 1920. Handbook of Mesopotamia. ed. B.F.O.H. Section. London: Pub. Brit. Fr. Ofc. Hist. Sect.

15. 1920. Handbook of Syria and Palestine. Brit. For. Off. Hist. SAed.: London.

16. 1921. Iraq. Dept. of Agriculture.

17. 1923. Grain serghums, production yearbook 1922. U.S. Department of Agriculture. p. 525.

18. 1927. Arabia Deserts, a topographical itinerary. New York.

19. 1928. Northern Negd, a topographical itinerary. New York.

20. 1928. Palmyrena. London.

Top

 

21. 1930. Wheats of Iraq production and milling and baking qualities. Technical Bulletin, 197(1940196).

22. 1933. Some alpine plants of Persia. Bull. Alpine Gard. Soc. Gt. Brit., 2: p. 1-4.

23. 1938. The Citrus Industry of Palestine. U.S. Dept. of Agri., Bureau of Agri Economics.

24. 1938. Root conditions of certain plans in the wilderness of Judea. Linn. Soc. Jour. Bot., 51: p. 283.

25.  1944. Conference on Middle East Agricultural Development. Middle East Supply Center: Cairo. p. 220.

26. 1948. Agricultural Geography of Europe and the Near East. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture.  Office of Foreign Agriculture Relations.: Washington, D. C.

27. 1980. Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. Vol.2: Hawks to Bustards. ed. S. Cramp. Vol. 2. Oxford, London and New York: Oxford University Press.

28. 1983. Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. Vol.3: Waders to Gulls. ed. S. Cramp. Vol. 3. Oxford, London and New York: Oxford University Press.

29. 1985. Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. Vol.4: Terns to Woodpeckers. ed. S. Cramp. Oxford, London and New York: Oxford University Press.

30. 1988. Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. Vol.5: Tyrant Flycatchers to Thrushes. ed. S. Cramp. Oxford, London and New York: Oxford University Press.

Top

 

31. 1992. Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. Vol.6: Warblers., ed. S. Cramp. Vol. 6. Oxford, London and New York: Oxford University Press.

32. 1993. Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. Vol.7: Flycatchers to Shrikes., ed. S. Cramp. Vol. 7. Oxford, London and New York: Oxford University Press.

33. 2000. BirdLife Middle East, 4(Autumn 2000).

34. 2001. BirdLife Middle East, 6(Spring 2001).

35. 2001. BirdLife Middle East, 7(Summer 2001).

36. 2002. Resolution VIII.37: International cooperation on conservation of migratory waterbirds and their habitats in the Asia-Pacific region. in Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. Ramsar, Iran.

37. 2002. Resolution VIII.38: Waterbird population estimates and the identification and designation of Wetlands of International Importance. in Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. Ramsar, Iran.

38. 2003. 1988 national list of plants that occur in wetlands. ed. U.S.A.C.o. Engineers.

39. Aaronsohn, A. 1910. Explorations, agricultural and botanical. Bureau of Plant Industry. p. 64.

40. Able, K.W. and S.M. Hagan. 2000. Effects of common reed (Phragmites australis) invasion of marsh surface macrofauna: Response of fishes and decapod crustaceans. Estuaries, 23(5): p. 633-646.

Top

 

41. Adams, J.B. and G.C. Bate. 1976. Growth and photosynthetic performance of Phragmites australis in estuarine waters: a field and experimental evaluation. Aquatic Botany, 64(3-4): p. 359-367.

42. Agnew, A.D.Q. 1961. The family Lythracceae in Iraq. Bull. Coll. of Sc., 1.

43. Agnew, A.D.Q. 1961. The genus Picris in Iraq. Bull. Coll. of Sc., 6.

44. Agnew, A.D.Q. 1962. Flora of the Baghdad District.  Part I: Monocotyledons. Bulletin of The College of Science, 6.

45. Agriculture, I.D.o. 1920. Agricultural leaflet.

46. Agriculture, U.S.D.o. 1917. Fruits, production and exports, 1909-1913. Department Bulletin, 483: p. 38.

47. Agriculture, U.S.D.o. 1938. Land utilization. 284.

48. Agriculture, U.S.D.o. 1938. Land Utilization bibliography. p. 1085-1087.

49. Ailstock, M.S., C.M. Norman, and P.J. Bushmann. 2001. Common reed Phragmites australis: Control and effects upon biodiversity in freshwater nontidal wetlands. Restoration Ecology, (91): p. 49-59.

50. Aitchison, J.E.T. 1879. The Botany of the Kuram and Hariab districts. Pharm. Journ., 3(10): p. 482-485.

Top

 

51. Aitchison, J.E.T. 1887. Some plants of Afghanistan. Pharm. Journ., 3: p. 465-468.

52. Aitchison, J.E.T. 1889. On the flora of the Kuran valley. Afghanistan Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot., 18: p. 1-113.

53. Aitchison, J.E.T. 1891. Notes to assist in a further knowledge of the products of western Afghanistan and of north-eastern Persia. Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinb., 18: p. 1-228.

54. Akbar, A.R. 198? The Plants of the Marshes. Basrah, Iraq: University of Basrah Press.

55. Aldova, E. 1987. Sterotyping of Plesiomonas shigelloides strains with our own antigenic scheme. An attempted epidemiological study. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg [A], 265(1-2): p. 253-62.

56. Aledany, T.Y. and A.H.A. Almousawi. 1986. Regional Variation in the Chemical-Composition of Soil and Dominant Aquatic Plants in Shatt-Al-Arab, Iraq. Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 15(1): p. 87-94.

57. Al-Gifri, A.N. 1991. Salt tolerance plants in Aden (Yemen). Frgm. Flor. Geobot., 36(2): p. 289-292.

58. Al-Gifri, A.N. 1992. Flora of Aden. Katowice, Poland.

59. Al-Hilli, M.R. 1977. Studies on the plant ecology of the Ahwar regions in southern Iraq. Estuaries, Costal and Shelf Science, 31: p. 411-421.

60. Al-Hubaishi, A. and K.M. Hohenstein. 1994. An Introduction of the Vegetation of Yemen.  Ecological Basis, Floristic Composition and Human Influence. Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH. 206.

Top

 

61. Ali, N.A., M.P. Bernal, and M. Ater. 2002. Tolerance and bioaccumulation of copper in Phragmites australis and Zea mays. Plant and Soil, 239(1): p. 103-111.

62. Allouse, B.E. 1950. A Handlist of the Birds of Iraq. Iraq Nat. Hist. Mus. Publ., 2: p. 1-59.

63. Allouse, B.E. 1953. The avifauna of Iraq. Iraq Nat. Hist. Mus. Publ., 3: p. 1-163.

64. Allouse, B.E. 1954. A Bibliography on the Vertebrate Fauna of Iraq and Neighboring Countries II Birds. Iraq Nat. Hist Mus. Publ., 5: p. 1-45.

65. Allouse, B.E. 1960. Birds of Iraq. Vol. 1. Baghdad: Ar-Rabitta Press.

66. Allouse, B.E. 1960-1962. Birds of Iraq. Vol. 1-3. Baghdad: Ar-Rabitta Press.

67. Allouse, B.E. 1960-1962. Birds of Iraq. 3 Vols. (In Arabic). Vol. 1-3. Baghdad.

68. Allouse, B.E. 1961. Birds of Iraq. Vol. 2. Baghdad: Ar-Rabitta.

69. Allouse, B.E. 1962. Birds of Iraq. Vol. 3. Baghdad: Ar-Rabitta.

70. Al-Rawi, A. 1964. Medicinal plants of Iraq. Ministry of Agriculture, Directorate General of Agriculture Research and Projects: Baghdad: Government Press.

Top

 

71. Al-Rawi, A. 1964. Wild plants of Iraq with their distribution. Baghdad: Government Press.

72. Al-Rawi, A. 1988. Wild plants of Iraq with their distribution. 3rd ed. Baghdad, Iraq: Ministry of Agriculture & Agriculture and Irrigation.

73. Alsaadi, H.A. and A.H. Almousawi. 1988. Some Notes on the Ecology of Aquatic Plants in the Al-Hammar Marsh, Iraq. Vegetatio, 75(3): p. 131-133.

74. Alsaadi, H.A. and A.H.A. Almousawi. 1984. On the Chemical-Composition of Aquatic Plants in Shatt Al-Arab near Basrah, Iraq. Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 13(2): p. 137-146.

75. Al-Saadi, H.A.A.-M., A. A. 1983. Aquatic plants of Iraq. in Centre of Arab Gulf Studies Publications. University of Basrah: Basrah, Iraq.

76. Amsberry, L., et al. 2000. Clonal integration and the expansion of Phragmites australis. Ecological Applications, 10(4): p. 1110-1118.

77. Anderson, G.C. 1897. The road system of eastern Asia-Minor. Jour. of Hell. Studies: p. 22.

78. Andres, A.A.D.Q.a.D.Q. 1962. Flora of Baghdad District Part 1: Monocotyledons, with a general account of the vegetation of the area. Baghdad, Iraq: University of Baghdad, College of Science.

79. Angradi, T.S., S.M. Hagan, and K.W. Able. 2001. Vegetation type and the intertidal microinvertebrate fauna of a brackish marsh" Phragmites vsSpartina. Wetlands, 21(1): p. 75-92.

80. Annandale, N. 1919. Notes on the vegetation of Seisan. Journ. & Proc. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, 15: p. 267-297.

Top

 

81. Ansede, J.H., P.J. Pellechia, and D.C. Yoch. 1999. Selenium biotransformation by the sale marsh cordgrass Spartina alterniflora: Evidence for dimethylselenoniopropionate formulation. Environmental Science & Technology, 33(12): p. 2064-2069.

82. Anthony, J. 1932. Plants from Mesopotamia. Journ. Ind. Bot. Soc., XVII.

83. Anthony, J. 1935. Plants from Mesopotamia.  A distributional note. R. Bot. Gard. Edinb., 18: p. 277-303.

84. Anthony, P.A. 1999. The macrofungi and decay of roofs thatched under water reed, Phragmites australis. Mycological Research, 103: p. 1246-1253.

85. Armstrong, J. and W. Armstrong. 1996. Phragmites die-back: toxic effects of propionic butyric and caproic acids in relation to pH. New Phytologist, 134(4): p. 601-614.

86. Armstrong, J. and W. Armstrong. 2001. An overview of the effects on phytotoxins on Phragmites australis in relation to die-back. Aquatic Botany, 69(2-4): p. 251=268.

87. Armstrong, J.e.a. 1996. A role for phytotoxins in the Phragmites die-back syndrome? Folia Geobotanica & Phytotaxonomica, 31(1): p. 127.

88. Armstrong, J.e.a. 1999. Phragmites australis: effect of shoot submergence on seedling growth and survival and radial oxygen loss from roots. Aquatic Botany, 64(3-4): p. 275-289.

89. Arnsworth. 1842. Travels and researches in Asia Minor, Mesopotamia. Vol. 2. Chaldaea and Armenia.

90. Ashbel, D. 1937. Evaporation in Palestine. Palestine Journal of Botany and Horticultural Science, 1(3): p. 8-26.

Top

 

91. Ashbel, D. 1938. Rainfall Tables for Palestine an Adjacent countries. Jersulem: Meterological Institute.  Hebrew University.

92. Ashbel, D. 1940. Meterological Data for Palesatine. Jerusalem: Hebrew University.

93. Ashbel, D. 1941. Rainfall Map.  Palestine, Transjordan, Southern Syria, Southern Lebanon Average for the Period 1859-1938. 3rd ed. Jersulem: Hebrew Univ. Press.

94. Ashbel, D. 1944. The Climate of Palestine and Adjacent Countries. Jerusalem: Hebrew University.

95. Assoc., E.a.W. 1942. What to read about Iran, Iraq and Afghanistan.

96. Atkinson, J.D. 1948. Some irrigation problems in Iraq.

97.  Aucher-Eloy, P.M.R. 1843. Relations de voyages en Orient de 1830 a 1838. Vol. 2. Paris.

98. Bacon, L.B., et al. 1948. Agriculture geography of Europe and the Near East. Washington: U.S.G.P.O.

99. Bagshaw, C. Memorandum on the forests of the Kuram assigned district. Ind. For., VI: p. 28-44.

100. Baker, J.G., et al. 1894. Botany of the Hadramaut expeditions. Kew. Bull. Misc. Inform.: p. 328-343.

Top

 

101. Balls, E.K. 1932. Plant hunting in Persia. Gard. Illus., 54: p. 774-776.

102. Balls, E.K. 1934. Plant collecting in Persia. Gard. Chron. III, 95: p. 8-9, 44-45, 78-79, 112-113, 146-147, 388-390, 422-423.

103. Batanouny, K.G. 1979. Vegetation along the Heddah-Mecca road: pattern and process as affected by human impact. J. of Arid Environ, 2: p. 21-30.

104. Batanouny, K.G. 1981. Ecology and Flora of Qatar. Centre for Si. and Applied Res. Univ. of Qatar, Alden press, Ltd.: Oxford. p. 239.

105. Beke, C. 1778. Discoveries of Sinai in Arabia and of Midian. London.

106. Beldi, G. 1918. Ornithologische Notizen aus West-Persien und Mesopotamien. Aquila, 25: p. 89-101.

107. Bell, G., L. 1907. Syria: the desert and the sown. N. Y. 347.

108. Bhat, N.R., F.K. Taha, and A.Y. Al-Nasser. 2001. Vegetation of Kuwait.

109. Bird, C.G. and S. 65-85. 1937. The birds of southern Asia Minor from Mersin to the Euphrates. Ibis, 14(1): p. 65-85.

110. Blake, G.S. and M.J. Goldschmidt. 1947. Geology and water resources of Palestine. Jerusalem.

Top

 

111. Blakelock, R.A. 1939. On the flora of the Nearer East. XX.  Bull. Misc. Inform. Roy. Bott. Gar. Kew, 4: p. 186-188.

112. Blakelock, R.A. 1948. The Rustam Herbarium, Iraq. Kew Bull., 1(3).

113. Blakelock, R.A. 1949. The Rustam Herb. Kew Bull., II(1).

114. Blakelock, R.A. 1949. The Rustam Herb. Kew Bull., III(4).

115. Blakelock, R.A. 1950. The Rustam Herb. Kew Bull., III(4).

116. Blakelock, R.A. 1953. Notes on the Flora of Iraq. Kew. Bull., 3.

117. Blakelock, R.A. 1953. The Rustam Herb. Kew Bull., V(2).

118. Blakelock, R.A. 1954. Notes on the Flora of Iraq. Kew. Bull., 1(3).

119. Blakelock, R.A. 1955. Notes on the Flora of Iraq. Kew Bull., II(4).

120. Blakelock, R.A. 1955. Notes on the Flora of Iraq. Kew. Bull., III(2).

Top

 

121. Blakelock, R.A. 1957. Notes on the Flora of Iraq. Kew. Bull., IV(3).

122. Blanckenhorn, M. 1914. Syrien, Arabien and Mesopotamien. Handb. der regional. Geologie, 4.

123. Blatter, E. 1914-1916. Flora of Eden. Rec. Bot. Surv. India, 7(1-3): p. 418.

124. Blatter, E. 1918. Contributions towards a flora of Persian Baluchistan and Makran. Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 25: p. 723-739.

125. Blatter, E. 1932. Plants from Besra in MEsopotamia. Journ. Indian Bot. Soc., 11(28-47).

126. Blatter, E. 1936. Flora Arabia. India: Calcutta, Super. Gov. Printing.

127. Bodenheimer, F.S. 1944. Studies on the Ecology and Control of the Moroccan Locust (Dociostaurus maroccanus) in Iraq.  I.  Govt. Iraq. Vol. 29. Baghdad: Min. of Econ. Bull.

128. Bodenheimer, F.S.Z. 1938. On the presence of an Irano-Turanian relict in Northern Africa.  La vie dans le region Desertique North-Tropical de l'Ancien Monde.

129. Boissier, E. 1967-1888. Flora Orientalis.

130. Bonaria, E. 1894. Flora of the Assyrian monuments and its outcomes. Westminster. 215.

Top

 

131. Bor, N.L. 1960. Grasses of Burma. Ceylon and Pakistan.

132. Boulos, L. 1988. A contribution to the flora of Southern Yemen (PDRY). Botaniques de Geneve, 43(2): p. 548-585.

133. Boyko, H. 1947. The decisive role of direct sun-radiation of Querous Argilops L. Palestine Journ. Bot. Rehovet Series, VI: p. 1-13.

134. Briggs, M.K., B.A. Roundy, and W.W. Shaw. 1994. Trial and Error: Assessing the Effectiveness of Riparian Vegetation in Arizona. Restoration and Management Notes, 12: p. 160-167.

135. British Army, D.o.M.S. Topographic maps of Iraq and Iran.

136. Bromfield, W.A. 1856. Letters from Egypt and Syria. London.

137. Brooking, H.T. 1919. List of birds observed in the Euphrates Valley. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 26: p. 676-678.

138. Browne, E.G. 1927. A year amongst the Persians. New York, Cambridge, Eng. 650.

139. Burkill, I.H. 1909. A working list of the flowering plants of Baluchistan. Calcutta.

140. Burton, N.H.K., et al. 2002. Impacts of man-made landscape features on numbers of estuarine waterbirds at low tide. Environmental Management, 30(6): p. 857-864.

Top

 

141. Burton, S.R.F. 1872. Unexplored Syria.

142. Burtt, B.L. and P. Lewis. 1949. On the flora of Kaweit. I. Kew. Royal Botanic Gardens. Bulletin, 3: p. 273-308.

143. Butti, S.G. 1978. Recoveries of Bird Rings from Iraq. Bull. Nat. Hist. Res. Centre, 7(2): p. 27-28.

144. Byron, R. 1905. The road to Oxiana. Vol. IX. London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd. 341.

145. Carney, K.M. and W.J. Sydeman. 1999. A review of human disturbance effects on nesting colonial waterbirds. Waterbirds, 22(1): p. 68-79.

146. Carp, E. 1975. Waterfowl counts in Iraq. IWRB Bulletin, 39-40(51-55).

147. Catling, P.M. and V.R. Brownell. 1995. A Review of the Alvars of the Great-Lakes Region - Distribution, Floristic Composition, Biogeography and Protection. Canadian Field-Naturalist, 109(2): p. 143-171.

148. Catsadorakis, G. and J. Alain. 2001. Nesting Habitat Characteristics and Breeding Performance of Dalmation Pelicans in Lake Mikri Prespa, NW Greece. Waterbirds, 24(3): p. 386-393.

149. Chakravarty, H.L. 1960. Report on Tour-impression of a Botanist in the northern Iraq. MSS.

150. Chalabi, Z. 1961. The Genus Plantago in Iraq. Nat. Hist. Mus., 1.

Top

 

151. Chapman, E.A. and J.A. McGeoch. 1956. Recent field observations from Iraq. Ibis, 98: p. 577-594.

152. Chardin, S.J. 1927. Sir Chardin's Travels in Persia. London: The Argonaut Press.

153. Cheesman, R.E. 1926. The unknown Arabia. London.

154. Christensen, S., R.F. Porter, and P. Schiermacker-Hansen. 1996. Field Guide to the Birds of the Middle East. London: T & A  D Poyser.

155. Clapp, F.G. 1940. Geology of eastern Iran. New York: The Geological Soc. of America.

156. Clarke. 1823. List of all the plants collected in Egypt and the Holy Land.

157. Clevering, O.A. 1999. Between- and within-population differences in Phragmites australis. Oecologia, 121: p. 447-457.

158. Cogswell, H.L. 2000. The use of salt ponds by some selected birds other than shorebirds and waterfowl. In Baylands Ecosystem Species and Community Profiles, P.R.O. San Francisco Bay Area Wetlands Ecosystem Goals Project, ed., Editor. San Francisco Bay Regional Water Control Board: Oakland, CA.

159. Colvill, W.H. 1875. Some observations of the vegetable production and the rural economy of the province of Baghdad. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot., 14: p. 399-410.

160. Conder, C.R. The survey of eastern Palestine.  Memoirs of the topography. 304.

Top

 

161. Coopert, T.Y. 1900. The re-afforesting of Palestine. Engl. Arb. Soc. Trans., IV: p. 113-118.

162. Cowan, J.M. 1930. A botanical expedition to Persia. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew, 1930: p. 49-68.

163. Cowan, J.M. 1930. The fortunes of a botanist on the Persian frontier. New Flora & Silva, 3: p. 219-227.

164. Cowan, J.M. 1932. Persia and its desert gardens. in Scott. Geogr. Mag. p. 193-196.

165. Cowie, N.R., et al. 1992. The Effects of Conservation Management of Reed Beds, II.  The Flora and Litter Disappearance. Journal of Applied Ecology, 29: p. 277-284.

166. Ctyrokż, P. 1987. Ornithological observations in Iraq. Beitr. Vogelkd, 33(3-4): p. 141-204.

167. Dana, L.P. 1923. Arab-Asia: A Geography of Syria, Palestine, Irak and Arabia. Beriut.

168. Davis, P. 1944. Through the Antilebanon. Roy. Hort. Soc. Jour., 69: p. 7-13.

169. Dawson, V.H.W. 1921. Dates and date cultivation of the Iraq.  Part I.  The Cultivation of the date palm on the Shat Al'Arab. Dept. of Agri.: Mesopotamia. p. 75.

170. Deflers, A. 1986. Plant de l'Arabie Meridionale recueillies pendaut les anees 1889, 1890, 1893 et 1894. Bull. Soc. Bot. de France, 43(321-332).

Top

 

171. DeSante, D.F. and T.L. George. 1994. Population trends in the landbirds of western North America. In A century of avifaunal change in western North America, J. J. R. Jehl and N.K. Johnson, Editors. Cooper Ornithological Society: Lawrence, KS. p. 173-190.

172. DeSante, D.F. and G.R. Geupel. 1987. Landbird productivity in central coastal California: the relationship to annual rainfall and a reproductive failure in 1986. Condor, 89: p. 636-653.

173. Dickson, V.P. 1938. Plants of Kuwait, northeast Arabia. Bombay Natural History Society Journal, 40: p. 528-538.

174. Don, D. 1848. A list of plants collected by the author (C. Fellows) during his tour between the months of February and June, 1840. In An account of discoveries in Lycia, C. Fellows, Editor: London.

175. Donald, C.H. 1919. Some birds of prey of Mesopotamia. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 26: p. 846.

176. Doughty, C. 1886. Travels in Northern Arabia. Cambridge.

177. Doughty, C. 1888. Travels in Arabian Deserta. Cambridge.

178. Doughty, C.M. 1937. Travels in Arabia Deserta. New York.

179. Duthie, J.F. 1898. A list of the plants collected on the Pamirs. In Report on the natural history results of the Pamir boundary commission, A.W. Alcock, Editor.

180. Dyrcz, A. and H. Nagata. 2002. Breeding ecology of the Eastern Great Reed Warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus orientalis at Lake Kasumigaura, central Japan. Bird Study, 49: p. 166-171.

181. Edgeworth, N.P. 1847. A couple of hours' herborizaton at Aen. Soc. Bengal Journ., XVI(2): p. 1211-1220.

182. Education, M.o. 1942. Geography. Tehran: Iran Printing House.

183. Eig, A. 1926. A contribution to the knowledge of the Flora of Palestine. Inst. agric. and nat. hist. Hebrew Univer.: Tel Aviv. p. 72.

184. Eig, A. 1932. Ecological and phytogeograph observations on Palestini plants. Beih. bot. Chlt., 50: p. 470-496.

185. Eig, A. 1937. Neglected Syrian plants of Banks and Solander. Journ. Bot., 75: p. 185-192.

186. Eig, A. 1939. On the phytogeographical subdivision of Palestine. Palestine Journ. Bot. Jerusalem Ser., 1: p. 4-12.

187. Eig, A. 1946. Synopsis of the phytosociological units of Palestin. Pal. Journ. Bot. J. Ser., 3: p. 183-246.

188. Eig, A. and M. Zohary. 1931. The plants of Palestine and analytical Key. Jerusalem: The Hebrew University. 428.

189. El-Demerdash, M.A. 1984. Ecological Studies on Juncus Plants. in Fac. of Sci. Mansoura Univ.: Egypt. p. 156.

190. El-Demerdash, M.A., A.K. Hegazy, and A.M. Zilay. 1994. Distribution of the plant communities in Tihamah costal plains of Jazan region, Saudi Arabia. Vegetatio, 112: p. 141-151.

Top

 

191. El-Demerdash, M.A. and A.M. Zilay. 1993. An Introduction of habitats and plant communities in Tihamah costal plains of Jazan area, Saudi Arabia. Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research.

192. Evans, M.I., P. Symens, and C.W.T. Pilcher. 1993. Short-Term Damage to Coastal Bird Populations in Saudi-Arabia and Kuwait Following the 1991 Gulf-War Marine Pollution. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 27: p. 157-161.

193. Evenari, M. 1938. The Physiological anatomy of the transpiratory organs and the conducting systems of certain plants typical of the wilderness of Judaea. Linn. Soc. Jour. Bot., II: p. 389.

194. Firdecher, J. 1939. A Contribution to the geography and cartography of Northwest Yemen. Cairo. 160.

195. Fish, W.B. 1944. The Lebanon. Geog. Review, 34: p. 235-258.

196. Fisher, W.B. 1950. The Middle East; a physical, social and regional geography. London.

197. Forests., D.o.A.a. 1924. Palestine. A. R. Dep. Agric. Forests Palestine: Jerusalem.

198. Forskahl, P. 1775. Flora of Aegyptiaco-Arabiea. Haunia.

199. Fullerton, A. 1938. Plant hunting in Iran. Country Life, I-II(84): p. 454-455, 480-481.

200. Gabali, A.S. and A.N. Al-Gifri. 1990. Flora of South Yemen-Angiosperms.  A Provisional Checklist. Reddes Reportorium, 101(7-8): p. 373-383.

Top

 

201. Garbutt, W.D. 1944. Large-scale production in the middle Euphrates zone. Middle East Agricultural development: Cairo. p. 61-65.

202. Georg, P.V. 1967. Breeding of Penduline Tit Remiz pendulinus L. in Hor Hawwar; an addition to the breeding birds of Iraq. Iraq. Nat. Hist. Mus. Bull., 3(7): p. 9-10.

203. Georg, P.V. 1967. Cygnus bewickii Yarrell Bewick's Swan; an addition to the avifauna of Iraq. Iraq. Nat. Hist. Mus. Bull., 3(7): p. 11-13.

204. Georg, P.V. and J. Vielliard. 1968. Waterfowl counts in Iraq: 21 December 1967 - 18 January 1968. in IWRB files. p. 7.

205. Georg, P.V. and J. Vielliard. 1970. Midwinter observations on birds of Central and South Iraq. Bull. Iraq Nat. Hist. Mus., 4 (IV)(4): p. 61-85.

206. Gillett, J.B. 1947. Rainfall in Iraq.

207. Gillett, J.B. 1948. Desert Vegetation in Iraq.

208. Gilliat-Smith, B. 1930. On the flora of the Nearer East. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew, VI-IX(1930): p. 273-312, 375-398, 427-463, 480-493.

209. Gindel, G.F. 1946. Afforestation of semi-arid and arid areas of Palestine. The Empire Forestry Review, 25(2): p. 213-221.

210. Giuseppi, P. 1933. Plant hunting in Persia. Gard. Illus., 54: p. 736-737.

Top

 

211. Giuseppi, P.L. 1938. Iranian and Afghan plants. Gard. Chron. III, 103: p. 354-355.

212. Glinski, R.L. 1977. Regeneration and Distribution of Sycamore and Cottonwood Trees along Sonoita Creek, Santa Cruz County, Arizona. In Importance, Preservation, and Management of Riparian Habitat: A Symposium (July 9, 1977, Tucson, Arizona), R.R.J.a.D.A. Jones, Editor. Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: Fort Collins, Colo. p. 116-123.

213. Goldsmid, S.F. 1895. Persian Geography. Jour. R.G.S., VI.

214. Gonzalez, J.A. 1999. Nesting success in two Wood Stork colonies in Venezuela. Journal of Field Ornithology, 70(1): p. 18-27.

215. Gophen, M. 2000. Nutrient and plant dynamics in Lake Agmon Wetlands (Hula Valley, Israel): a review with emphasis on Typha domingensis (1994-1999). Hydrobiologia, 441(1-3): p. 25-36.

216. Grant, C.P. 1937. The Syrian desert; caravans, travel and exploration. London: A & C. black, Ltd.

217. Graveland, J. 1997. Reed die-back, water level management and the decline of the great reed warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus in the Netherlands. Ardea, 85(1): p. 187-201.

218. Green, A.J., et al. 2002. The conservation status of Moroccan wetlands with particular reference to waterbirds and to changes since 1978. Biological Conservation, 104: p. 71-82.

219. Griffiths, W.A.C. 1979. A Bibliography of the Avifauna of the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant and Mesopotamia (Army Bird-Watching Society). Ornithological Society of the Middle East. 101.

220. Groser, W.H. 1888. The trees and plants mentioned in the Bible. London.

Top

 

221. Guest, E. 1929. Names of Plants in Iraq. Dept. Agri. p. 25.

222. Guest, E. 1933. Notes on plants and plant products with their colloquial names in Iraq. Department of Agriculture: Baghdad.

223. Guest, E.R. 1953. The Rustam Herb. General and Ecological Account. Kew. Bull., VI(3).

224. Guest, E.R. 1953. The Rustam Herb. Iraq. Economics. Kew. Bull, VII(4).

225. Guest, E.R. 1966. Flora of Iraq Volume One.  Introduction to the Flora, an account of the geology, soils, climate, and ecology of Iraq with gazetteer, glossary and bibliography. Iraq: Min. Agic. 313.

226. Hadac, E. 1960. The Family Cuscutaceae in Iraq. Bull. of Iraq Nat. Hist. Mus., 18.

227. Hadac, E. 1961. The Family cyperaceae in Iraq. Bull. Coll. Sc., 6.

228. Hadac, E. 1961. The Family Valerianaccae in Iraq. Bull. Coll. Sc. Baghdad, 6.

229. Hadac, E. 1961. The Pteridophyta of Iraq. Bull. of Iraq Nat. Hist. Mus., 1.

230. Hadary, G. and H. Sai. 1949. Handbook of agricultural statistics of Iran. Tehran: Bank Mllis Iran Press.

Top

 

231. Hale, J.R. 1932. Grey Lag Goose Anser anser breeding in Iraq. Ibis, (Series 12) Vol. 2(4): p. 687-688.

232. Hanaganu, J., G. Mihail, and H. Coops. 1990. Responses of ecotypes of Phragmites australis to increased seawater influence: a field study in the Danube Delta, Romania. Aquatic Botany, 64: p. 351-358.

233. Handel-Mazzetti, H.F. 1910-1914. Die Vegettionsverhaeltnisse von Mesopotamien and Kurdistan. Vien.

234. Harlan, J. 1862. On the fruits of Cabul and vicinity, with a view to the introduction of the grape-vine of that region into the central climate of the United States. The U. S. Patent Office: Washington. p. 526-537.

235. Harris, F.S. 1941. Forest trees of Iran. Proc. Utah Acad. Sci., 18: p. 25-26.

236. Harrison, J.M. 1959. Notes on a collection of birds made in Iraq by F/Lt. David L. Harrison. Bull. B.O.C., 79: p. 31-36, 49-50.

237. Harrison, J.V.K. 1936. South-west Iran. Geographical Journal, 88: p. 20-56.

238. Hart, H.C. 1886. Report on the botany of Sinai and South Palestine.

239. Hart, H.C. 1891. Some account of the fauna and flora of Sinai, Petra and Wady 'Arabah. Vol. 10. 255.

240. Harvey, T.E., et al. 1988. The value of salt ponds for waterbirds in San Francisco Bay and considerations for future management. In Urban Wetlands, J.A. Kusler, S. Daly, and Brooks, Editors. Assoc. of State Wetland Managers: Berne, N.Y.

Top

 

241. Hasselquis, F. 1766. Voyages and travels in the Levant. London.

242. Hazen, N.W. 1938. Agriculture in Palestine and the Development of the Jewish Colonization. Foreign Agriculture, 1: p. 119-148.

243. Henslow, G. 1906. The plants of the Bible: their ancient and medieval history, popularity described. Vol. XV. London. 294.

244. Hickman, J.C. 1993. The Jepson Manual. Higher Plants of California. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

245. Hogarth, D.G. 1904. The penetration of Arabia: a record of the development of western knowledge concerning the Arabian peninsula. N.Y. 359.

246. Hollom, P.A.D., et al. 1988. Birds of the Middle East and North Africa. ed. T.a.A.D. Poyser. Calton, U.K.

247. Hooker, J.D. 1872-1897. Flora of British India.

248. Hooper, D. 1931. Some Persian drugs. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew, 1931: p. 299-344.

249. Hooper, D. 1937. Useful plants and drugs of Iran and Iraq.

250. Hooper, D. 1958. Useful plants and drugs of Iran and Iraq.

Top

 

251. Hooper, D. and H. Field. 1937. Useful plants and rugs of Iran and Iraq. FMNH, Bot. Ser., 9(3): p. 71-241.

252. Hopkins, A.D. 1938. Bioclimatics,  Science of Life and Climatic Relationships. U. S. Dept. of Agriculture: Washington, D. C.

253. Hossain, M.A. 1960. Revision of Trifolium in the nearer East. Notes R.B.G. Edin., 23: p. 387.

254. Huntington, E. 1909. The Afghan Borderland. in Nat. Geog. Mg. p. 788-799, 866-867.

255. Huntington, E. 1910. The Fringe of Vendure Around Asia Minor. Nat. Geog. Mag., (September): p. 7610775.

256. Huntington, E. 1911. Palestine and its transfomation. Boston. 443.

257. Huntington, E. 1919. The Mountaineers of the Euphrates. in Nat. Geog. Mag. p. 142-156.

258. Huzayyin, S.A. 1937. An Egyptian scientific expedition to south-west arabia. London: A & C. Black, Ltd.

259. International Engineering Co., I. 1947. Report on Program for the Development of Iran. Morrison-Knudsen International Co., Inc.: San Francisco, CA.

260. Ionides, M.G. and G.S. Blaikie. 1940. Report on the water resources of Trans-Jordan and their development. London.

Top

 

261. Iran. 1947. Report of International Engineering Company, Inc. Morrison-Knudsen International Co., Inc.: San Francisco, CA, USA.

262. Ishii, J. and K. Yasuro. 2002. Factors influencing seed production of Phragmites australis. Aquatic Botany, 72: p. 129-141.

263. IWRB. 1992. Managing Mediterranean wetlands and their birds for the year 2000 and beyond. in Grado conference.

264. Jackson, A.V.W. 1906. Persia past and present. N.Y. London. 471.

265. Johnson, L.R. 1958. Field notes on some of the birds of Iraq. Iraq Nat. Hist. Mus. Publ., 16: p. 1-32.

266. Jones, R.F. and R. Washbourn. 1940. A contribution to the study of the fresh waters of Palestine.  Pt. IIThe Flora. Jour. Bot.: p. 144-153.

267. Jourdain, F.C.R. 1919. Mesopotamian bird notes. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 26: p. 860-861.

268. Kainady, P.V.G. 1976. First positive breeding record of Acrocephalus arundinaceus Eurasian Great Reed Warbler for Iraq. Bull. Basrah Nat. Hist. Mus., 3: p. 101-105.

269. Kainady, P.V.G. 1976. The Indian Pygmy Goose, Nettapus coromandelianus, in Basrah, Iraq. Bull. Basrah Nat. Hist. Mus., 3: p. 107-109.

270. Kainady, P.V.G. and F.F.M. Al-Joborae. 1974-1975. Report of the Bird Migration Study Project of Basrah University (1974-75). Bull. Basrah Nat. Hist. Mus., 3: p. 111-113.

Top

 

271. Kainady, P.V.G. and F.F.M. Al-Joborae. 1975. Two additions to the Iraqi avifauna. Bull. Basrah Nat. Hist. Mus., 2(51-53).

272. Kallner, D.H. and E. Rosenau. 1939. The Geographical Regions of Palestine. Geogr. Rev., 29: p. 61-80.

273. Kasparek, M. 1992. Status of Sociable Plover Chettusia gregaria and White-tailed Plover C. leucura in Turkey and the Middle East. Sandgrouse, 14(1): p. 2-15.

274. Kassas, M.A. and M. Imam. 1954. Habitat and plant communities in the Egyptian desert.  III.  The wadi-bed ecosystem. J. Ecol., 42: p. 424-441.

275. Keddy, P. 1999. Wetland restoration: The potential for assembly rules in the service of conservation. Wetlands, 19(4): p. 716-732.

276. Keen, B.A. 1946. The agricultural development of the Middle East. London. 123.

277. Kentula, M.E. 2000. Perspectives on setting success criteria for wetland restoration. Ecological Engineering, 15(3-4): p. 199-209.

278. Kheirallah, G. 1952. Arabia Reborn. Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of Mexico Press. 214.

279. Kiernan, R.H. 1937. The unveiling of Arabia. London.

280. Kingsford, R.T. 1995. Occurrence of high concentration of waterbirds in arid Austrailia. Journal of Arid Environments, 29: p. 421-425.

Top

 

281. Kingsford, R.T. 1999. Impact of water diversions on colonially nesting waterbirds in the Macquarie Marshes in arid Australia. Colonial Waterbirds, 21: p. 159-170.

282. Kingsford, R.T., A. L. Curtin & J. L. Porter. 1999. Water flows on Cooper Creek determine "boom" and "bust" periods for waterbirds. Biological Conservation, 88: p. 231-248.

283. Kingsford, R.T., and Thomas, R. F. 1995. Macquarie Marshes and its waterbirds in arid Australia: a 50 year history of decline. Environmental Management, 19: p. 867-878.

284. Kingsford, R.T.P., J. L. 1994. Waterbirds on an adjacent freshwater and salt lake in arid Australia. Biological Conservation, 69: p. 219-228.

285. Kitto. 1841. The physical geography and natural history of the Holy Land. London.

286. Klein, M.L., S.R. Humphrey, and H.F. Percival. 1995. Effects of ecotourism on distribution of waterbirds in a wildlife refuge. Conservation Biology, 9(6): p. 1454-1465.

287. Kovda, V.A. and Y.P. Lebedev. 1944. Soil cover of Iran. Pochvovedenise, 9: p. 433-436.

288. Lawrence, T.e. 1935. The Diary of T. E. Lawrence, 1911.

289. Leachman, G. 1914. A Journey through Central Arabia. Geog. Jour., 43: p. 500-520.

290. Lefebvre, B. 1977. Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. Vol.1: Ostrich to Ducks. ed. S. Cramp. Vol. 1. Oxford, London and New York: Oxford University Press.

Top

 

291. Lenssen, J.P.M., et al. 2000. Variations in species composition and species richness within Phragmites australis dominated riparian zones. Plant Ecology, 147: p. 137-146.

292. Linchevaky, I. 1949. The basic principles of the distribution of the vegetation of Afghanistan. Kew. Bul.: p. 179-214.

293. Loveridge, A. 1955. Reptiles and amphibians from Bahrain island and Saudi Arabia.  Contributions to the fauna and flora of southwestern Asia, Henry Field.

294. Lowdermilk, W.C. 1941. The cedars of Lebanon then and now. American Forests, 47: p. 16-20.

295. Lowdermilk, W.C. 1944. Palestine, land of promise. New York.

296. Lowe, B.A. 1944. Dry farming in the Beersheba District of Palestine. Middle East Agricultural development: Cairo.

297. Lowne, B.T. 1867. On the vegetation of the western and southern shores of the Dead Sea. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot., 9: p. 201-208.

298. Luke, S.H.C. and E. Keith-Roach. 1934. The Handbook of Palestine and Transjordan. 3rd ed. London: Macmillan & Co.

299. Madge, S. and H. Burn. 1993. Crows and Jays of the World. London: Christopher Helm.

300. Makatsch, W. 1958. Ornithologische Beobachtungen zwischen Euphrat und Tigris. Vogelwelt, 79: p. 1-9.

Top

 

301. Mandaville, J.P. 1990. Flora of Eastern Saudi Arabia. London and New York: Kegan Paul International Ltd. 482.

302. Marchant, S. 1961. Iraq bird notes - 1960. Bull. Iraq Nat. Hist. Mus., 1(4): p. 1-37.

303. Marchant, S. 1962. Iraq bird notes - 1961. Bull. Iraq Nat. Hist. Mus., 2(1): p. 1-40.

304. Marchant, S. 1963. The breeding of some birds in Iraq. Ibis, 105: p. 516-557.

305. Marchant, S. 1963. Migration in Iraq. Ibis, 105: p. 369-398.

306. Marchant, S. 1963. Notes on the winter status of certain species in Iraq. Ardea, 51: p. 237-243.

307. Marchant, S. and M. J.W. 1963. Iraq bird notes - 1962. Bull. Iraq Nat. Hist. Inst., 2(3): p. 1-48.

308. Mauchamp, A., S. Branch, and P. Grillas. 2001. Effects of submergence on the growth of Phragmites australis seedlings. Aquatic Botany, 69: p. 147-164.

309. McKee, J. and A.J. Richards. 1996. Variation in seed production and germinability in common reed (Phragmites australis) in Britain and France with respect to climate. New Phytol, 133: p. 233-243.

310. Meinertzhagen, R. 1914. Notes from Mesopotamia. Ibis, 10 ["(10)2"](2): p. 387-395.

Top

 

311. Meinertzhagen, R. 1924. An account of a journey across the southern Syrian Desert from Amman in Transjordan to Ramadi on the Euphrates. Ibis, 11 ["(11):6"](6): p. 87-101.

312. Meinertzhagen, R. 1924. Notes on a small collection of birds made in Iraq in the winter of 1922-23. Ibis, 6 (or 11)(11 (or 6)): p. 601-625.

313. Menchikowsky, F. 1938. Water conditions of the soil and irrigation. Hadar, 12(5): p. 145-148.

314. Migahid, A.M. 1978. Flora of Saudi Arabia. 2nd ed. Vol. 2: Riyadh Univ. Publ. 839.

315. Migahid, A.M. 1989. Flora of Saudi Arabia. 3rd ed. ed. Vol. Vol. 1 and 2: King Saud Univ. Press.

316. Moerman, D.E. 1996. An analysis of the food plants and drug plants of native North America. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 52(1): p. 1-22.

317. Moldenke, H.N. and A.L. Moldenke. 1952. Plants of the Bible. Waltham, Mass.: Chronica Botanica Co.

318. Moore, H.J. and C. Boswell. 1956-1957. Field observations on the birds of Iraq. Parts I and II 1956, Part III 1957. Iraq Nat. Hist Mus. Publ., 9,10,12.

319. Morier, J. 1812. A journey through Persia, Armenia and Asia Minor to Constantinople in the years 1818-1809. London. 438.

320. Morier, J. 1816. A second journey through Persia, Armenia and Asia minor to Constantinople between the years 1810 and 1816. London. 435.

Top

 

321. Morton, H.C.V. 1938. Through lands of the Bible.

322. Moser, C. The Isle of Frankincense. National Geographic.

323. Muschler, R. 1912. Alphabetical list of Arabian names of plants.  Append. VII. In Manual Fl. of Egypt, R. Muschler, Editor. p. 1227-1264.

324. Muschler, R. 1912. A Manual Flora of Egypt. Vol. I and II. Berlin.

325. Musil, A. The Middle Euphrates, a topographical itinerary. N.Y.

326. Musil, A. 1926. Northern Hegaz. New York.

327. Newton, L.E. 1980. Phytogeographical Associations of the succulent plant Flora of South-West Arabia and the Horn of Africa. Nat. Cact. Succ. J., 35: p. 83-88.

328. Ogilby, J. 1673. Asia, the first part.

329. Oppenheimer, H.R. 1938. An account of the vegetation of the Huleh swans. Palest. Journ. of Bot., II: p. 34-39.

330. Oppenheimer, H.R. 1940. A contrib. to the desert flora south and southwest of the Dead Sea. Palestine Journ. Bot. Rehovet Ser., 3: p. 144-153.

Top

 

331. Oppenheimer, H.R. 1940. A contribution to the desert flora south and south-west of the Dead Sea. Palestine Journ. Bot., Rehovot Ser., 3: p. 144-153.

332. Oppenheimer, H.R. 1949. Sand, swamp and weed vegetation at the estuary of the Rubin River, Palestine. Vegetation, 1: p. 155-174.

333. Osborne, H.S. 1861. Plants of the Holy Land, with their fruits and flowers.

334. Osborne, H.T. 1961. Plants of the Holy Land. Philad.

335. Paine, J.A. 1875. A list of the plants collected between the two sergas, Easter Palestine in the spring of 1873. Amer. Expl. Soc., 3: p. 91-129.

336. Palmer, E.H. 1871. The desert of the Exodus. Vol. 2. Cambridge, England. 283-576.

337. Parsa, A. 1943-1950. Flora of Iran. Vol. I-VI.

338. Parsa, A. 1946. Persian names of plants and animals and their uses. Teheran.

339. Parsa, A. 1948. New species and varieties of the Persia flora. Kew. Bul., I(1947, 1948): p. 17-22, 191-228.

340. Pearson, D.J. and G.C. Backhurst. 1976. The southward migration of Palaearctic birds over Ngulia, Kenya. Ibis, 118: p. 78-105.

Top

341. Perennou, C. and T. Mundkur. 1992. Asian & Australasian Waterfowl Census 1992. Slimbridge, U.K.: IWRB. 133.

342. Peters, J.L. 1931. Check-list of Birds of the World. Volume I. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

343. Petrov, M.P. 1945. Conditions of Soil Formation and Types of Soil of Northern Iran. Pochvovedenie, 3-4: p. 1945.

344. Philby, H.S.J. 1923. The Heart of Arabia. London.

345. Philby, H.S.J.B. 1929. Arabia of the Wahhabis. London.

346. Philby, H.S.J.B. 1939. Sheba's daughters. London.

347. Philby, H.S.J.B. 1948. Arabian Days.  An Autobiography. London.

348. Picard, L. 1943. Structure and evolution with comparative notes on neighboring countries. Jerusalem. 134.

349. Picman, J., M.L. Milks, and M. Leptich. 1993. Patterns of Predatation on passerine nests in marshlands: effects of water depth and distance from edge. Auk, 110: p. 89-94.

350. Polatschek, A. 1994. Nomenclatural Contributions to the Genus Erysimum (Brassicaceae). Phyton-Annales Rei Botanicae, 34(2): p. 189-202.

Top

 

351. Popenoe, F.W. 1914. Fruit culture at Baghdad. Gard. Chron. III, 56: p. 229-230.

352. Popov, M.G. 1927. A sketch of the history of development of the flora in Middle Asia. Taschkent.

353. Popov, M.G. 1931. Between Mongolia and Iran. Bull. Appl. Bot. Genetics & Plant Breed, 26(3).

354. Porter, R.F. and R.P. Martins. Birds of the Middle East. D.O. al-Saghier, et al., Editors. Ornithological Society of the Middle East, Environmental Protection Council, BirdLife International, Embassy of the Netherlands, British Embassy, British Council, British Gas, Shell International Petroleum.

355. Post, G.E. 1896. Flora of Syria, Palestine, and Sinai. Beirut.

356. Post, G.E. 1932-1933. Flora of Syria, Palestine and Sinai. Beirut.

357. Post, G.E. 1933. Flora of Syria, Palestine and Sinai.

358. Poulin, G., B. Lefebvre, and A. Mauchamp. 2002. Habitat requirements of passerines and reedbed management in southern France. Biological Conservation, 107: p. 315-325.

359. Pyke, C.R. and K.J. Havens. 1999. Distribution of the Invasive Reed Phragmites australis relative to sediment depth in a created wetland. Wetlands, 19: p. 283-287.

360. Raisz, E. 1951. Land forms of Arabia. Environmental Protection Section of the Office of the Quartermaster General, Inst. of Geographical Expl, Harvard University: Cambridge, Mass.

Top

 

361. Ravikovitch, S. 1948. Peat soils and soils rich in organic matter in the Hulek Valley. Vol. 47: Jewish Agency for Palestine Agr. Res. Sta. B. 32.

362. Rechinger, K.H. 1957. New or Noteworthy Records for the Flora of Lower Iraq. Bull. Coll. of Sc., 2.

363. Rechinger, K.H. 1964. Flora of Lowland Iraq. Weinheim, ed. V.V.J. Cramer. New York, N.Y.

364. Redhead, R.M. 1867. Notes on the flora of the desert of Sinai. Linn. Soc. Jour. Bot., IX: p. 208-229.

365. Reichert, I. 1940. Studies on Mushrooms and other Fungi of the forests of Palestine. Pal. Journ. Bot. J. Ser., 3(1-2): p. 233-258.

366. Reifenberg, A. 1938. The Soils of Palestine. London.

367. Richards, E.C.M. 1920. Forest conditions and primitive forests. Journ. Forestry, 18: p. 710-718.

368. Rihani, A.F. 1930. Arabian peak and desert. Boston and New York. 280.

369. Rodgers, J.A. and S.T. Schwikert. 2002. Buffer-zone distances to protect foraging and loafing waterbirds from disturbance by personal watercraft and outboard-powered boats. Conservation Biology, 16(1): p. 216-224.

370. Rolletschek, H., et al. 1999. Clone specific differences in a Phragmites australis stand II.  Seasonal Development of Morphological and Physiological Characteristics at Tall Site and after Transplantation. Aquatic Botany, 64: p. 247-260.

Top

 

371. Rose, P.M. and D.A. Scott. 1993. Waterbirds as indicators of wetlands of international importance: an application of the 1% criterion. Draft report presented at the Fifth Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention, 9-16 June 1993, Kushiro, Japan. in Fifth Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention. Kushiro, Japan: IWRB, Slimbridge.

372. Roundy, B.A., R.A. Evans, and J.A. Young. May 2-6, 1983. Surface Soil and Seedbed Ecology in Salt-Desert Plant Communities. in Symposium on the Biology of Atriplex and Related Chenopods. Prov, Utah: Ogden, Utah: Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station.

373. Royle, J.F. 1848. Observations on the vegetation and products of Afghanistan, Kashmir and Tibet. London: C.n.t.p. 23.

374. Russell, A. 1756. The natural history of Aleoppo, and parts adjacent.

375. Sage, B.L. 1960. Field notes on some birds of eastern Iraq. Ardea, 48: p. 160-178.

376. Samuel, L. 1946. Jewish Agriculture in Palestine: A Progressive Factor in Middle East Economy. Jerusalem: Jewish Agency for Palestine, Economic Research Institute.

377. Samuelsson, G. 1935. Notes on two collections of plants from Syria, Palestine, Transjordan, and Iraq. Sartryck ur Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift, 29(3).

378. Sapf, O. 1895. Recent botanical exploration in southern Persia. Linn. Soc. Jour. Bot., XXX(140-142).

379. Savage, C.D.W. 1967. The wildfowl and wetland situation in Iraq. in Proc. Technical Meeting on Wetland Conservation, Ankara-Bursa-Istanbul, October 1967. Ankara: IUCN.

380. Scholte, P.T., A.W. Al-Khuleidi, and J.J. Kessler. 1991. The Vegetation of the Republic of Yemen, Western Part. RLIP, OHV Consultants BV. p. 56 pages + vegetation map.

Top

 

381. Schwan, H.E. Forage in Iraq.

382. Scott, D.A. 1991. Wetlands of West Asia - A Regional Overview. in Proc. Conference on Wetland and Waterfowl Conservation in South and West Asia, Karachi, December 1991. Karachi: IWRB, Slimbridge.

383. Scott, D.A. and E. Carp. 1971. A Survey in Khuzestan, Iran. in Proc. Int. Conference on Conservation of Wetlands and Waterfowl, Ramsar, Iran 1971. Ramsar, Iran: IWRB, U.K.

384. Scott, D.A. and E. Carp. 1982. A Midwinter Survey of Wetlands in Mesopotamia, Iraq: 1979. Sandgrouse, 4: p. 60-76.

385. Scott, H. 1942. In the high Yemen. 260.

386. Sharpe, R.B. 1886. On a collection of birds from Fao in the Persian Gulf, with field notes by the collector W.D. Cumming. Ibis, 5(4): p. 475-493.

387. Sharpe, R.B. 1891. Notes on a second collection of birds made by W.D. Cumming at Fao in the Persian Gulf. Ibis, 6(3): p. 103-116.

388. Shea, J.P. 1950. Methods of safeguard programs of technical assistance for under-developed areas. in Voice of America.

389. Sibley, C.G. and B.L. Monroe. 1990. Distribution and Taxonomy of Birds of the World. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.

390. Siman, H.Y. and M.K. Bunni. 1988. Young and parental care of the Grey Hypocolius Hypocolius ampelinus Bonaparte. Bull. Iraq Nat. Hist Mus., 8: p. 89-111.

Top

 

391. Smith, G.A. 1936. The historical geogr. of the Holy Land. London.

392. Spratt, T.A.B. and E. Forbes. 1847. Travels in Lyeia, Milays and the Cibyratis, in company with the late Rev. E. T. Daniell. Vol. 2. London.

393. Stamp, L.D. Asia.  A regional and economic geography. 8th ed. London, N. Y. 704.

394. Standley, P.C. 1941. Appendix H: Plants Collected by the Expedition. In Field Mus. of Natural Hist.: Chicago.

395. Stark, F. 1934. The valleys of the assassins and other Persian travels. New York. 364.

396. Stark, F. 1939. Seen in the Hadkramant New York. 199.

397. Stark, F. 1945. The southern gate of Arabia. New York. 224.

398. Statistics Division, U.S.W.B., in cooperation with the Weather Information Branch. Climate of South-western Asia. U.S. Army Air Forces. p. 206.

399. Stevens, L.E., et al. 2001. Planned flooding and Colorado River riparian trade-offs downstream from Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona. Ecological Applications, 11(3): p. 701-710.

400. Stoneham, H.F. 1919. Bird life in Mesopotamia. Field, 133(3464,3465).

Top

 

401. Summers, R.W., et al. 1987. Wader migration systems in southern and eastern Africa and western Asia. In The Conservation of International Flyway Populations of Waders., N.C. Davidson and M.W. Pienkowski, Editors. IWRB: Slimbridge, U.K. p. 15-34.

402. Sykes, P.M. 1902. Ten thousand miles in Persia. London: J. Murray. 481.

403. Sykes, S.P.M. 1936. The quest for Cathay. London. 279.

404. Tackholm, V. 1974. Students Flora of Egypt. 2nd ed. ed: Cairo Univ. Press. 888.

405. Tate, G.P. 1909. The frontiers of Baluchitstan. London.

406. Temple, S.A. and J.A. Wiens. Bird Populations and environmental changes: can birds be bio-indicators? American Birds, 43: p. 260-270.

407. Thesinger, W. 1947. A journey through the Tihama, the Asir and the Hijaz mountains. G.J., 4-6: p. 188-200.

408. Thomsen, W. 1911. The Land and the Book. N.Y. and London.

409. Thornhill, C.M. 1918. Some notes on game birds in Mesopotamia. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 25: p. 486-490.

410. Ticehurst, C.B. 1920. A new species of Reed Warbler from the marshes of Lower Mesopotamia (Acrocephalus babylonicus). Bull. B.O.C., 41: p. 12-13.

Top

 

411. Ticehurst, C.B. 1920. Remarks on the avifauna of Mesopotamia. Bull. B.O.C., 41: p. 53-54.

412. Ticehurst, C.B., P.A. Buxton, and R.E. Cheesman. 1921. The Birds of Mesopotamia.  Pt. 1. Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 28: p. 210-250.

413. Ticehurst, C.B., P.A. Buxton, and R.E. Cheesman. 1921-1922. The birds of Mesopotamia. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 28: p. 210-250, 381-427, 650-674, 937-956.

414. Ticehurst, C.B., Cox, P.Z., Cheesman, R.E. 1926. Additional notes on the avifauna of Mesopotamia. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 31: p. 91-119.

415. Tristram, H.B. 1882. Ornithological notes of a journey through Syria, Mesopotamia and southern Armenia in 1881. Ibis, 4(6): p. 402-419.

416. Tristran, H.B. 1884. Fauna and Flora of Palestine. The committee of the Palest. Exped. Fund. 205-455.

417. Tristran, H.B. 1888. The survey of western Palestine. The Fauna and Flora of Palestine. Vol. 22. London. 455.

418. Tscharntke, J. 1992. Fragmentation of Phragmites Habitats, Minimum Viable Population Size, Habitat Suitability and Local Extinction of Moths, Midges, Flies, Aphids, and Birds. Conservation Biology, 6(4): p. 530-536.

419. Turrill, W.B. 1929. On the flora of the Nearer East. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew, IV: p. 223-235.

420. Twitchell, K.S. 1947. Saudi Arabia. Princeton.

Top

 

421. Tyas, H. 1951. Flowers from the Holy Land. London.

422. Van der Putten, W.H. 1997. Die-back of Phragmites australis in European wetlands: an overview of the European research program on reed die-back and progression. Aquatic Botany, 59: p. 263-275.

423. Venture, R.H.J. 2000. The Riparian Bird Conservation Plan.  A strategy for reversing the decline of riparian associated birds in California. California Partners in Flight.

424. Vessey-Fitzgerald, D.F. 1955. Vegetation of the Red Sea coast south of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. J. Ecol., 43: p. 477-489.

425. Vetaas, O.R. 1992. Gradients in field - layer vegetation on an arid misty mountain plateau in the Sudan. J. of Veget Sci., 3: p. 527-534.

426. Waisel, Y. 1972. Biology of Halophytes. New York and London: Academic Press. 395.

427. Ward, F.K. 1917. Mesopotamia in January. Gard. Chron. III, 61: p. 131.

428. Ward, F.K. 1918. A Mesopotamia calendar. Gard. Chron. III, 63: p. 252-253.

429. Ward, F.K. 1919. Flowers of the desert. Gard. Chron. III, 65: p. 133-134.

430. Weinstein, M.P. and J.H. Balletto. 1999. Does the Common Reed, Phragmites australis, Affect Essential Fish Habitat? Estuaries, 22(38): p. 793-802.

Top

 

431. Weisner, S.E.B. 1988. Factors affecting the internal oxygen supply of Phragmites australis in situ. Aquatic Botany, 31: p. 329-335.

432. Weisner, S.E.B., W. Graneli, and B. Ekstam. 1993. Influence of submergence on growth of seedlings of Scirpus lacustris and Phragmites australis. Freshwater Biology, 29: p. 371-375.

433. Willis, J.C. 1955. A Dictionary of the Flowering Plants and Ferns.

434. Wilsey, B.J., K.L. Mckee, and I.A. Mendelssohn. 1992. Effects of Increased Elevation and Macronutrient and Micronutrient Additions on Spartina-Alterniflora Transplant Success in Salt-Marsh Dieback Areas in Louisiana. Environmental Management, 16(4): p. 505-511.

435. Wilson, S.A.T. 1932. Persia. New York. 400.

436. Wood, J. 1872. A journey to the source of the river Opus. ed. A. Wood. 280.

437. Worthington, E.B. 1946. Middle East science: A survey of subjects other than agricultural. 239.

438. Wright and Platt. 1947. Aids to Geographical Research. 2nd ed. New York: Colombia Univ. Press. 331.

439. Yates, M.C. 1888. Northern Afghanistan. Edinburgh.

440. Younes, H.A., M.A. Zahran, and E.M. El-Qurashy. 1983. Vegetation-Soil relationship of sea-inlandward transect, Red Sea Coast, Saudi Arabia. J. of Arid Environ, 6: p. 349-356.

Top

 

441. Zahary, M. 1945. Outline of the vegetation in the Wadi Arabia. Journal of Ecology, 32: p. 204-214.

442. Zahran, M.A. 1982. Vegetation types of Saudi Arabia.  Fac. of Meteoro. and Arid Environ. Jeddah: King Abdulaziz Univ. Press. 61.

443. Zahran, M.A. and I.A. Mashally. 1991. Ecological notes on the flora of the Red Sea costal land of Egypt. Bull. Fac. Sci. Mansoura Univ., 18: p. 251-292.

444. Zedler, J.B. 2000. Progress in wetland restoration ecology. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 15(10): p. 402-407.

445. Zhao, K.F., L.T. Feng, and S.Q. Zhang. 1999. Study on the Salinity-adaptation Physiology in Different Ecotypes of Phragmites australis in the Yellow River Delta of China: Osmotica and Their Contribution to the Osmotic Adjustment. Estuaries, Costal and Shelf Science, 49: p. 37-42.

446. Zohary. 1953. The Ecology of the Arabian Desert. Israel Exploration Journal, 2.

447. Zohary, M. 1939. To the knowledge of the flora of the Syrian Desert. Pal. Journ. Bot. J. Ser., 1: p. 241-254.

448. Zohary, M. 1940. Geobotanical analysis of the Syrian Desert. Pal. Journ. Bot. J. Ser., 2: p. 46-96.

449. Zohary, M. 1940. On the Ghada tree of Northern Arabia and the Syrian Desert. Pal. Journ. Bot. J. Ser., 1: p. 413-416.

450. Zohary, M. 1940-1941. The flora of the Desert to the South and West of Basrah, Mesopotamia. Sess: Linnean Soc. London. 153, Pt. 1: 98-108.

Top

 

451. Zohary, M. 1941. The flora of the desert to the south and west of Basra, Mesopotamia. Proc. Linn. Soc., 153(98-108).

452. Zohary, M. 1942. The Vegetation Aspect of Palestine Soils. Palestine Journ. of Botany.  Jersu. Ser., 4: p. 200-247.

453. Zohary, M. 1942. The vegetational aspect of Palestine soils. Pal. Journ. Bot. J. Ser., 2: p. 200-246.

454. Zohary, M. 1943. Future of the Near East Deserts.  Desert Plant Life.  Agricultural prospects. in Pal. & Middle East Magaz. p. 1-4.

455. Zohary, M. 1944. Introdction to the Geobotany of Palestine. Jersu: Dept. of Botany.  Hebrew University.

456. Zohary, M. 1946. The Flora of Iraq and its Phytogeographical Subdivision. Ministry of Econ. Iraq. Bull, 31.

457. Zohary, M. 1947. A vegetation map of western Palestine. Journ. Ecol., 34(1-19).

458. Zohary, M. 1949. Plants for the flora of Iraq. Palestine Journ. Bot. Jerusalem Ser., 4: p. 234-236.

459. Zohary, M. 1973. Geobotanical foundations of the Middle East. Vol. 1-2. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag.

Top

 

[Image]: Column Divider [Image]: Column Divider  

About Us | Marshland Info Links | Get Involved | Contact Us

Dr. Suzie Alwash
Senior Project Advisor
e-mail: suzie@alwash.net

©Copyright 2003 Eden Again Project, All Rights Reserved

 
[Image]: Column Divider [Image]: Column Divider
[Image]: Column Divider [Image]: Column Divider [Image]: Column Divider [Image]: Column Divider [Image]: Column Divider [Image]: Column Divider [Image]: Column Divider