Research

Articles

Al-Ruhaymi, 'Abd al-Halim."Identite nationale irakienne et identites des communautes irakiennes." [French]Maghreb Machrek, p 214-18 no 163 Ja/Mr 1999.
Discusses the degree to which a sense of Iraqi national identity is felt by both the Shiite and Sunni Muslims belonging to the Arab majority in Iraq, as well as by members of minority groups, and why it has been renounced by the Kurdish population since 1992.

Alterman, Jon B. "Thinking out loud: policies toward Iraq." U S Inst Peace, F 1999.
Examines Iraqi weapons development, Saddam Hussein's undermining and defiance of the UN Security Council, the importance of multilateral diplomacy, and other UN and US policy issues; 1980s-1990s. Some focus on UNSCOM, a UN "Special Commission," to carry out on-site inspections of declared Iraqi facilities or any other designated sites.

Awwad, Emad."Renard du desert": reflexion. [French]" Defense Nationale, 55:30-41 no 4 Ap 1999.
Examines US military operations against Iraq conducted in 1998 (Operation Desert Fox).

Baram, Amatzia. "Between impediment and advantage: Saddam's Iraq." U S Inst Peace, Je 1998.
Examines ethnic tensions particularly between Sunni and Shi'i Muslims, Saddam Hussein's internal security objectives and concerns, regional strategies, past tactical mistakes, and other issues.

Byman, Daniel, et al. "The rollback fantasy: using the Iraqi opposition to oust Saddam Hussein would lead to a replay of the Bay of Pigs." Foreign Affairs, 78:24-41 no 1 Ja/F 1999.
Argues that plans using opposition groups in an attempt to overthrow Saddam are militarily ludicrous, anathema to US allies, unacceptable to the American public, and that the only policy option is renewed containment.

Buck, Lori, et al. "Sanctions as a gendered instrument of statecraft: the case of Iraq."Review of International Studies, 24:69-84 Ja 1998.
Examines conclusions suggested from feminist international relations literature demonstrating gender-specific impacts, ranging from differential deprivations to declines in dowry wealth.

Cordesman, Anthony H. "The changing military balance in the Gulf." Middle East Policy, 6:25-44 no 1 Je 1998.
Discusses impact of arms transfers to Iran and Iraq, US presence in the Persian Gulf, war-fighting capabilities of Iraq, possible war scenarios, possible use of weapons of mass destruction, and the problem of terrorism.

Dawisha,Adeed. "'Identity' and Political Survival in Saddam's Iraq." Middle East Journal, vol. 53 no. 4(1999)553-567.

Gunter, Michael M. "The Iraqi opposition and the failure of U.S. intelligence." International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, 12:135-67 no 2. Summer 1999.
Analyzes groups opposed to Saddam Hussein's regime, focusing on the Iraqi National Congress, and US policy during the Bush and Clinton administrations, particularly role of the CIA.

Gunter, Michael M. "The KDP-PUK conflict in northern Iraq." Middle East Journal, 50:225-41 Spring 1996.
Analyzes causes of the 1994 civil war between the Kurdistan Democratic party and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan, and the French, US, and Turkish roles in establishing a cease-fire. In the aftermath of the 1991 Persian Gulf war.

Mahdi, Kamil. "Rehabilitation prospects for the Iraqi economy." International Spectator, 33:41-67 no 3 Jl/S 1998.
Examines how key sectors including oil, industry, and agriculture have been affected by war and international sanctions, reconstruction efforts since the Gulf War, and failures of government policy; recommendations.

Matlak, Regis W. "Inside Saddam's grip." National Security Studies Quarterly, 5:1-28 no 2 Spring 1999.
Examines Iraqi President Saddam Hussein's political actions, leadership behavior, and operating style that serves his survival instincts; focus on his staying power, world view, and possible plans and intentions. Domestic, regional, and international implications.

"War of attrition as Iraq goes for broke." Middle East Reporter Weekly, 90:13-14 no 1038 Mr 20 1999.
Discusses the rationale of US bombing campaign against Iraqi air defense and communications targets in response to challenges to Western-imposed no-fly zones over Iraq.

Moore, James W. "Apres Saddam, le deluge? speculating on post-Saddam Iraq." Middle East Policy, 6:27-44 no 3 F 1999
Suggests scenarios which might take place following removal of Saddam Hussein from power; argues that regional and international problems with Iraq will not end with his departure.

Olson, Robert. "The Kurdish question four years on: the policies of Turkey, Syria, Iran and Iraq." Middle East Policy, 3:136-44 no 3 1994.
Shows how the threat of the Kurdish national movement, following the Gulf war, has been the major factor compelling rapprochement among the four countries. Some focus on the Partiya Karkaren Kurdistan (PKK), the Workers' Party of Kurdistan, a militant nationalist organization in Turkey.

Perthes, Volker. "Iraq under sanctions: a regime defiant." Royal Inst Internat Affairs, F 1998. Series Statement Briefing no. 40
Examines the regime of President Saddam Hussein after six years of UN economic sanctions following the 1991 Persian Gulf war; prospects and Western policy options. Topics include Iraq's internal situation, political attitudes of the ruling elite, and possible reintegration into the international community.

Snyder, Jed C."The road to Osiraq: Baghdad's quest for the bomb [Iraq's nuclear program; Israeli responses; seminar paper]." Middle East Journal, 37:565-93 Autumn 1983.

United States. House. Com. on Commer. Subcom. on Energy and Power. "The Iraqi oil for food program and its impact: hearing, March 26, 1999." Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-058741-7) pa, 1999 iii+105p. Series Statement 106th Cong., 1st sess.. Serial no. 106-27
Discusses the effect on US oil prices and production of the 1995 program which allows Iraq to export oil up to $5.2 billion every six months to be used to provide food and medicine to the Iraqi people.

United States. House. Com. on Internat. Relations. "Disarming Iraq: the status of weapons inspections: hearing, September 15, 1998." Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-058138-9) pa, 1998 iii+149p. Series Statement 105th Cong., 2d sess.
Examines effectiveness of US and UN policies, including economic sanctions, in forcing Iraq's compliance with UN arms inspections to locate and destroy weapons of mass destruction. Includes testimony of Scott Ritter, former chief of the Concealment Investigation Unit, UN Special Commission on Iraq (UNSCOM).

United States. Senate. Com. on the Judiciary. Subcom. on Technol., Terrorism, and Govt. Info. "National security considerations in asylum applications: a case study of six Iraqis: hearing, October 8, 1998, on examining the use of classified evidence in certain immigration exclusion case proceedings." Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-058682-8) pa, 1999 iii+102p. Series Statement 105th Cong., 2d sess.. Serial no. J-105-126. S. hearing 105-993
Discusses issues raised by Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) use of classified evidence to deny asylum to Iraqi dissidents; focuses on dilemma posed by the obligation to help individuals who have risked their lives working for US interests as opposed to national security concerns that might be jeopardized if their asylum requests were granted.

United States. Senate. Com. on For. Relations. Subcom. on Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs."United States policy toward Iraq: hearing, March 9, 1999."Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-058527-9), 1999 iii+15p. Series Statement 106th Cong., 1st sess.. S. hearing 106-41.
Examines Clinton administration policy toward Saddam Hussein; UN role, US-British air campaign, and economic sanctions. Issues include the Iraq Liberation Act to encourge Iraqi opposition to Saddam.

Venter, Al J. "How Saddam almost built his bomb." Middle East Policy, 6:45-61 no 3 F 1999.
Describes Iraq's atomic weapons program, how it acquired materials and technology, and failed efforts of the IAEA safeguards inspectors and national intelligence authorities to detect its magnitude.

Zunes, Stephen."Confrontation with Iraq: a bankrupt U.S. policy."Middle East Policy, 6:87-108 no 1 Je 1998.
Discusses the weak strategic case for bombing Iraq for failure to allow arms inspections, lack of international and domestic public support for it, and agreement reached by the UN Secretary-General; alternative US-Iraq policies.

Interviews

Arms Control Today, 29:3-9 no 4 Je 1999."The lessons and legacy of UNSCOM: an interview with Ambassador Richard Butler."
Views of the former chief of the UN Special Commission, tasked with eliminating Iraq's weapons of mass destruction, who resigned June 30, 1999.

Culture

(no author given)"The Stranger: Folk Tale from Iraq." Afro-Asian Writings. 15:138-40. 1973. Cairo, United Arab Republic.
(no author given) "Victory Arches, at the military parade-ground in Baghdad." Antiquity. v. 65 Sept. 1991 p. 439-41

Abu-Haidar, Farida. "Speech Variation in the Muslim Dialect of Baghdad."Zeitschrift fur Arabische Linguistik. 19:74-80. 1988. Wiesbaden, Germany.
Berg, Nancy E. "Exile from Exile: Israeli Writers from Iraq."State U of New York P. Albany; xvi, 212 pp. 1996.

Harrington,-Spencer-P.-M. Archaeology. v. 50 Mar./Apr. 1997 p. 16
Nine fragments from reliefs at the Sennacherib Palace Site Museum in Nineveh, Iraq, have appeared on the antiquities market. Columbia University art historian John Malcom Russell, who had photographed many of the slabs in situ,was contacted to check the fragments' provenance on two occasions by prospective purchasers. Noting that many of the fragments had been squared off to give the impression that they were complete compositions, he recognized them as fragments from panels at the site museum.

Phillips,-Christopher. "Iraq update:still unclear how much damage was inflicted on archeological and cultural sites in Iraq during the allied bombing campaign. Art-in-America. v. 79 May 1991 p. 37

Zimansky,-Paul; Stone,-Elizabeth-C."Mesopotamia in the aftermath of the Gulf War." Archaeology. v. 45 May/June 1992 p. 24

Zimmerman,-Ann."Culture after Saddam: video artists restore a country's identity in Iraqi Kurdistan." High-Performance. v. 17 Spring 1994 p. 32-5
Television and video as an outlet for political opposition in Iraqi Kurdistan are discussed. The struggle in Iraq for Arab supremacy under Saddam Hussein led to the replacement of private groups by government unions; the outlawing of private commissions; and the torture, incarceration, disappearance,or banishment of thousands of artists and journalists. The predominantly Kurdish north is the only part of the country outside the central regime, since Kurdish opposition factions inherited effective control of the region in 1991. One of most prevalent outlets for local commentary is television, as the Iraqi Kurdish opposition operates three television channels in the Kurdish language;these, however, are monitored by Saddam Hussein's intelligence. Each television station supports local artists, public commentary, and special interest representatives that were formerly censured by the Ba'th regime. Previously censored videotapes of government atrocities are also discussed.